Metabolism

Question 1

Ischemia and Removing Fuel Sources (2)

Answer 1

Can remove pyruvate from glycolysis as lactate, but FFAs buildup and cause detergent-like damage

Question 2

2 Fuel Sources Depending on O2

Answer 2

When present: FFAs preferred (70%)

When not present: glucose preferred

Question 3

Most Important Enzyme for Deliverance of ATP

Answer 3

Creatine Kinase (creates Phosphocreatine + ADP from ATP+Creatine)

Question 4

Diabetes Problem

Answer 4

Start using glucose instead of fat, get dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophy

Question 5

Fat Transport Molecules in Blood (4)

Answer 5

Albumin
VLDL
LPL
FABP (gets into actual myocyte)

Question 6

Carnitine Shuttle

Answer 6

CPT-I Makes Acyl Carnitine, diffuses into IM space, then translocase sends it into matrix (exchanging for a free carnitine, where CPT-II regens Acyl-CoA + Carnitine

Question 7

FA Chain Length and Carnitine Needs (2)

Answer 7

LC uses carnitine transport, short and med can get into matrix all right on their own

Question 8

2 Enzymes that Work on Pyruvate from Glycolysis/Carbs and Under What Conditions

Answer 8

-O2: Lactate dehydrogenase to make lactate

+O2: Pyruvate dehydrogenase to make acetyl CoA

Question 9

3 Reg Steps b/w Glucose and FA Oxidation Pathways

Answer 9

1. Too much acetyl CoA (from either) gets exported as citrate then Malonyl CoA. Citrate inhibits PFK (glucose metab) and Malonyl CoA inhibits FA transport to mt
2. PPARalpha produced from right amount of FA in beta oxidation. Inhibits Malonyl CoA and PDH (converts pyruvate to AcetylCoA) via PDH-K bc have enough energy
3. AMP-PK from AMP buildup inhibits Malonyl CoA, while stimulating PFK and FA transporters/genes

Question 10

PPARs

Answer 10

Transporters that bind FAs and then stimulate FA metabolism genes