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TOP 300 > Pulmonary and Anaphylaxis > Flashcards

Pulmonary and Anaphylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

indication for pulmonary medications

A

asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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2
Q

why inhale medications?

A

direct delivery of medication to site of action in the lungs and fewer systemic side effects

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3
Q

anaphylaxis agent

name

A

epinephrine

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4
Q

indication of epipen

A

emergency treatment of acute anaphylaxis due to allergic reactions

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5
Q

common adverse drug reactions for epipen

A

anxiety, apprehension, headache, nausea, palpitations, pale complexion, restlessness, sweating and tremors

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6
Q

rare but serious adverse drug reactions for epipen

A

angina, cardiac dysthrhythmia, pulmonary edema, ventricular fibrillation

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7
Q

key counseling points for anaphylaxis agent

A
  1. proper administration of autoinjector (IM injection)
  2. immediately seek emergency care after administration even if feeling better
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8
Q

mechanism of action for anaphylaxis agent

A

epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors

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9
Q

if epinephrine binds to alpha adrenergic receptors

A

vasoconstriction which leads to increased blood pressure

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10
Q

if epinephrine binds to beta-1 adrenergic receptors

A

increased heart rate and increased contractility which leads to increased cardiac output

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11
Q

if epinephrine binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors

A

bronchodilation which leads to improved breathing

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12
Q

major contraindications in anaphylaxis agent

A

none in emergency situations

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13
Q

brand name of anaphylaxis agent

A

EpiPen Autoinjectior

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14
Q

generic name of anaphylaxis agent

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

generic name of leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

montelukast

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16
Q

brand name of leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

singulair

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17
Q

indication of montelukast

A

asthma (maintenance)
exercise induced bronchospasm
allergic rhinitis

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18
Q

mechanism of action for leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

binds leukotriene receptors to inhibit their effect which results in bronchodilation

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19
Q

major contraindications of leuktriene receptor antagonist

A

hypersensitivity

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20
Q

black box warnings of leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

behavior and mood effects (including suicide and suicidal thoughts)

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21
Q

common adverse drug reactions for montelukast

A

dizziness, headache, fatigue (well tolerated)

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22
Q

rare adverse drug reactions for montleukast

A

aggressive or altered behavior, suicidal thoughts, cholestatic hepatitis, allergic granulomatous angitis

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23
Q

counseling points for leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

not for quick relief
given at bedtime

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24
Q

short acting beta 2 agonists (SABAs) generic name

A

albuterol

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25
Q

short acting beta 2 agonists (SABAs) brand name

A

proventil HFA
ventolin HFA
proair

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26
Q

indication for SABAs

A

acute symptom relief in asthma and COPD, prevention of exercise induced asthma (rescue med)

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27
Q

MOA for SABAs

A

stimulates beta 2 receptors in the airways, causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

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28
Q

major contraindications for SABAs

A

hypersensitivity

29
Q

common ADRs for SABAs

A

tremor, nervousness/excitement, tachycardia, pharyngitis, rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection

30
Q

serious ADRs for SABAs

A

bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation

31
Q

counseling points for SABAs

A
  1. if metered dose inhaler, shake well and prime
  2. follow up with prescriber if frequent use required
32
Q

other SABAs generic name

A

levalbuterol

33
Q

other SABAs brand name

34
Q

Long acting antimuscarinic antagonist (LAMA) generic name

A

tiotropium

35
Q

long acting antimuscarinic antagonists (LAMA) brand name

36
Q

indication for LAMAs

A

maintenance medication for COPD and asthma

37
Q

MOA for LAMAs

A

inhibition of M3 receptors at the bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation

38
Q

major contraindications for LAMAs

A
  1. hypersensitivity to drug
  2. hypersensitivity to milk protein (for spiriva handihaler ONLY - capsule contains lactose)
39
Q

common ADRs for LAMAs

A

xerostomia (dry mouth), upper respiratory tract infection and pharyngitis (sore throat)

40
Q

serious ADRs for LAMAs

A

worsening of bronchospasm and bowel obstruction

41
Q

counseling points for LAMAs

A
  1. not for quick relief
  2. for handihaler, capsules are to be punctured and contents inhaled using device (DO NOT SWALLOW)
42
Q

inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) generic name

A

fluticasone

43
Q

inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) brand name

A

flovent
arnuity
armonair

44
Q

indication for ICS

45
Q

MOA for ICS

A

reduction and prevention of airway inflammation

46
Q

major contraindications for ICS

A
  1. hypersensitivity to drug
  2. hypersensitivity to milk protein (for dry powder inhalers ONLY)
  3. do not use for acute flare of asthma or status asthmaticus
47
Q

common ADRs for ICS

A

pharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush) and hoarseness

48
Q

serious ADRs for ICS

A

pneumonia, glaucoma, cataracts. secondary hypocortisolism and osteoporosis

49
Q

counseling points for ICS

A

not for quick relief
rinse mouth after use

50
Q

other ICS generic name

A

budesonide

51
Q

other ICS brand name

52
Q

inhaled corticosteroids/long acting beta 2 agonist (ICS/LABA) generic name

A

fluticasone/salmeterol

53
Q

inhaled corticosteroids/long acting beta 2 agonist (ICS/LABA) brand name

A

advair
airduo
wixela

54
Q

indication for ICS/LABA

A

maintenance of asthma and COPD

55
Q

MOA for ICS/LABA

A

ICS: anti-inflammatory
LABA: bronchodilation

56
Q

major contraindications for ICS/LABA

A
  1. hypersensitivity to drug
  2. hypersensitivity to milk protein (for dry powder inhalers only)
  3. do not use for acute flares of asthma or status asthmaticus
  4. posaconazole co-admin can lead to increased steroid concentrations and increased systemic ADRs
57
Q

common ADRs for ICS/LABA

A

headache, pharyngitis, pharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush), hoarseness and upper respiratory tract infection

58
Q

serious ADRs for ICS/LABA

A

atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis and bronchospasm

59
Q

counseling points for ICS/LABA

A

not for quick relief except symbicort, rinse mouth after use

60
Q

other ICS/LABA generic name

A

budesonide/formoterol

61
Q

other ICS/LABA brand name

62
Q

short acting muscarinic antagonist/short acting beta 2 agonist (SAMA/SABA) generic name

A

ipratropium/albuterol

63
Q

short acting muscarinic antagonist/short acting beta 2 agonist (SAMA/SABA) brand name

64
Q

indication for SAMA/SABA

A

quick relief of COPD (rescue)

65
Q

MOA for SAMA/SABA

A

SAMA: Blocking cholinergic receptors decreases the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This decrease in the lung airways will lead to decreased contraction of the smooth muscles
SABA: stimulates beta 2 receptors in the airways, causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

66
Q

major contraindications for SAMA/SABA

A

hypersensitivity to drug
hypersensitivity to atropine
soy/peanut allergy for OLD version

67
Q

common ADRs for SAMA/SABA

A

bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, nervousness, tremor and insomnia

68
Q

serious ADRs for SAMA/SABA

A

pneumonia, angle closure glaucoma, worsening bronchospasm

69
Q

counseling points for SAMA/SABA

A

for quick relief

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