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TOP 300 > Pulmonary and Anaphylaxis > Flashcards

Pulmonary and Anaphylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

indication for pulmonary medications

A

asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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2
Q

why inhale medications?

A

direct delivery of medication to site of action in the lungs and fewer systemic side effects

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3
Q

anaphylaxis agent

name

A

epinephrine

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4
Q

indication of epipen

A

emergency treatment of acute anaphylaxis due to allergic reactions

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5
Q

common adverse drug reactions for epipen

A

anxiety, apprehension, headache, nausea, palpitations, pale complexion, restlessness, sweating and tremors

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6
Q

rare but serious adverse drug reactions for epipen

A

angina, cardiac dysthrhythmia, pulmonary edema, ventricular fibrillation

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7
Q

key counseling points for anaphylaxis agent

A
  1. proper administration of autoinjector (IM injection)
  2. immediately seek emergency care after administration even if feeling better
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8
Q

mechanism of action for anaphylaxis agent

A

epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors

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9
Q

if epinephrine binds to alpha adrenergic receptors

A

vasoconstriction which leads to increased blood pressure

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10
Q

if epinephrine binds to beta-1 adrenergic receptors

A

increased heart rate and increased contractility which leads to increased cardiac output

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11
Q

if epinephrine binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors

A

bronchodilation which leads to improved breathing

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12
Q

major contraindications in anaphylaxis agent

A

none in emergency situations

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13
Q

brand name of anaphylaxis agent

A

EpiPen Autoinjectior

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14
Q

generic name of anaphylaxis agent

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

generic name of leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

montelukast

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16
Q

brand name of leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

singulair

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17
Q

indication of montelukast

A

asthma (maintenance)
exercise induced bronchospasm
allergic rhinitis

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18
Q

mechanism of action for leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

binds leukotriene receptors to inhibit their effect which results in bronchodilation

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19
Q

major contraindications of leuktriene receptor antagonist

A

hypersensitivity

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20
Q

black box warnings of leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

behavior and mood effects (including suicide and suicidal thoughts)

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21
Q

common adverse drug reactions for montelukast

A

dizziness, headache, fatigue (well tolerated)

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22
Q

rare adverse drug reactions for montleukast

A

aggressive or altered behavior, suicidal thoughts, cholestatic hepatitis, allergic granulomatous angitis

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23
Q

counseling points for leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

not for quick relief
given at bedtime

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24
Q

short acting beta 2 agonists (SABAs) generic name

A

albuterol

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25
short acting beta 2 agonists (SABAs) brand name
proventil HFA ventolin HFA proair
26
indication for SABAs
acute symptom relief in asthma and COPD, prevention of exercise induced asthma (rescue med)
27
MOA for SABAs
stimulates beta 2 receptors in the airways, causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
28
major contraindications for SABAs
hypersensitivity
29
common ADRs for SABAs
tremor, nervousness/excitement, tachycardia, pharyngitis, rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection
30
serious ADRs for SABAs
bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation
31
counseling points for SABAs
1. if metered dose inhaler, shake well and prime 2. follow up with prescriber if frequent use required
32
other SABAs generic name
levalbuterol
33
other SABAs brand name
xopenex
34
Long acting antimuscarinic antagonist (LAMA) generic name
tiotropium
35
long acting antimuscarinic antagonists (LAMA) brand name
spiriva
36
indication for LAMAs
maintenance medication for COPD and asthma
37
MOA for LAMAs
inhibition of M3 receptors at the bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation
38
major contraindications for LAMAs
1. hypersensitivity to drug 2. hypersensitivity to milk protein (for spiriva handihaler ONLY - capsule contains lactose)
39
common ADRs for LAMAs
xerostomia (dry mouth), upper respiratory tract infection and pharyngitis (sore throat)
40
serious ADRs for LAMAs
worsening of bronchospasm and bowel obstruction
41
counseling points for LAMAs
1. not for quick relief 2. for handihaler, capsules are to be punctured and contents inhaled using device (DO NOT SWALLOW)
42
inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) generic name
fluticasone
43
inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) brand name
flovent arnuity armonair
44
indication for ICS
asthma
45
MOA for ICS
reduction and prevention of airway inflammation
46
major contraindications for ICS
1. hypersensitivity to drug 2. hypersensitivity to milk protein (for dry powder inhalers ONLY) 3. do not use for acute flare of asthma or status asthmaticus
47
common ADRs for ICS
pharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush) and hoarseness
48
serious ADRs for ICS
pneumonia, glaucoma, cataracts. secondary hypocortisolism and osteoporosis
49
counseling points for ICS
not for quick relief rinse mouth after use
50
other ICS generic name
budesonide
51
other ICS brand name
pulmicort
52
inhaled corticosteroids/long acting beta 2 agonist (ICS/LABA) generic name
fluticasone/salmeterol
53
inhaled corticosteroids/long acting beta 2 agonist (ICS/LABA) brand name
advair airduo wixela
54
indication for ICS/LABA
maintenance of asthma and COPD
55
MOA for ICS/LABA
ICS: anti-inflammatory LABA: bronchodilation
56
major contraindications for ICS/LABA
1. hypersensitivity to drug 2. hypersensitivity to milk protein (for dry powder inhalers only) 3. do not use for acute flares of asthma or status asthmaticus 4. posaconazole co-admin can lead to increased steroid concentrations and increased systemic ADRs
57
common ADRs for ICS/LABA
headache, pharyngitis, pharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush), hoarseness and upper respiratory tract infection
58
serious ADRs for ICS/LABA
atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis and bronchospasm
59
counseling points for ICS/LABA
not for quick relief except symbicort, rinse mouth after use
60
other ICS/LABA generic name
budesonide/formoterol
61
other ICS/LABA brand name
symbicort
62
short acting muscarinic antagonist/short acting beta 2 agonist (SAMA/SABA) generic name
ipratropium/albuterol
63
short acting muscarinic antagonist/short acting beta 2 agonist (SAMA/SABA) brand name
combivent
64
indication for SAMA/SABA
quick relief of COPD (rescue)
65
MOA for SAMA/SABA
SAMA: Blocking cholinergic receptors decreases the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This decrease in the lung airways will lead to decreased contraction of the smooth muscles SABA: stimulates beta 2 receptors in the airways, causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
66
major contraindications for SAMA/SABA
hypersensitivity to drug hypersensitivity to atropine soy/peanut allergy for OLD version
67
common ADRs for SAMA/SABA
bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, nervousness, tremor and insomnia
68
serious ADRs for SAMA/SABA
pneumonia, angle closure glaucoma, worsening bronchospasm
69
counseling points for SAMA/SABA
for quick relief

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