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TOP 300 > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

generic name and class

aricept

A

generic: donepezil
class: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

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2
Q

indication

donepezil

A

alzheimer’s disease

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3
Q

adverse effects

donepezil

A

Feeling dizzy, tired, or weak; Diarrhea, upset stomach, or throwing up; Trouble sleeping (vivid dreams); Muscle cramps; Not hungry; Weight loss, Headache

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4
Q

counseling points

donepezil

A

should not be used in patients with baseline bradycardia

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5
Q

generic name and class

namenda

A

generic: memantine
class: n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist

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6
Q

indication

memantine

A

alzheimers disease

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7
Q

use with caution

memantine

A
  • history of seizure disorder
  • cardiovascular disease
  • renal impairment
  • hepatic impairment
  • alkalinizing medications, dietary changes or patient conditions that may increase urine pH
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8
Q

generic name and class

gralise or neurontin

A

generic: gabapentin
class: antiseizure, gaba analog

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9
Q

indication

gabapentin

A

neuropathic pain

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10
Q

warnings

gabapentin

A
  • should not be discontinued abruptly b/c of possibility of seizure
  • IR and ER products are not interchangeable
  • may exacerbate myasthenia gravis
  • use with caution in patients with renal impairment
  • tolerance, psychological and physical dependence may occur in patients with history of substance misuse
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11
Q

common ADRs

gabapentin

A

drowsiness, dizziness

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12
Q

rare but serious ADRs

gabapentin

A
  • respiratory depression
  • CNS depression resulting in accidental injury
  • DRESS
  • SJS
  • toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • bullous pemphigoid
  • erythema multiforme
  • hypersensitivity angitis
  • agitation
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13
Q

generic name and class

lyrica

A

generic: pregabalin
class: antiseizure agent, gaba analog

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14
Q

indication

pregabalin

A

neuropathic pain

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15
Q

warnings

pregabalin

A
  • history of angioedema or concurrent use with meds known to cause angioedema (ACEI)
  • renal impairment
  • substance misuse
  • don’t abruptly withdraw
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16
Q

common ADRs

pregabalin

A
  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • edema
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17
Q

rare but serious ADRs

pregabalin

A
  • respiratory depression
  • accidental injury
  • maculopapular rashes
  • DRESS
  • SJS
  • toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • peripheral edema
  • blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, diplopia, visual field loss
  • weight gain
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18
Q

generic name and class

skelexin

A

generic: metaxalone
class: skeletal muscle relaxant

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19
Q

indication

metaxalone

A

spasticity

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20
Q

common ADRs

metaxalone

A

dizziness, drowsiness, headache

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21
Q

rare but serious ADR

metaxalone

A

serotonin syndrome if used with SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, etc.

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22
Q

generic name and class

1.focalin 2. vyvanse 3. ritalin/concerta

A
  1. dexmethylphenidate
  2. lisdexamfetamine
  3. methylphenidate

class: CNS stimulant

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23
Q

black box warning

cns stimulants

A
  • risks of misuse, abuse, substance use disorder, and overdose consistently across all medicines in the class, as well as advise health care professionals to monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms of misuse, abuse, and substance use disorder
  • hypersensitivity or use during or within 14 days following MAOI therapy
  • Methylphenidate ER capsules (generic Metadate CD): Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, or sucrose-isomaltase insufficiency.
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24
Q

indication

CNS stimulants

A

ADHD

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25
Q

rare but serious ADRs

CNS stimulants

A
  • MI
  • tachycardia
  • hypertension
  • growth retardation in peds
  • priapism
  • psychosis or mania
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26
Q

generic name and class

estulic/tenex

A

generic: guanfacine
class: alpha 2 adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive (ADHD)

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27
Q

common ADRs

guanfacine

A
  • dizziness
  • drowsiness
  • headache
  • constipation
  • xerostomia
  • impotence
  • fatigue
  • insomnia
28
Q

serious ADRs

guanfacine

A
  • AV block
  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • sinoatrial nodal rhythm disorder
  • syncope
  • anxiety
  • rebound hypertension
29
Q

generic name and class

tegretol

A

generic: carbamazepine
class: sodium channel blocker

30
Q

indication

sodium channel blockers

A

epilepsy

31
Q

major contraindications

carbamazepine

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • history of bone marrow depression
  • co-treatment w/ MAOIs, nefazodone, other NNRTIs that are CYP3A4 substrates
32
Q

black box warning

carbamazepine

A

agranuloccytosis; aplastic anemia; SJS/TEN (especially in Asians-screen for HLA-B*15:02)

33
Q

generic name and class

trileptal

A

generic: oxcarbazepine
class: sodium channel blocker

34
Q

ADRs

oxcarbazepine

A

Rare but Serious: Agranulocytosis,
Dermatological reactions (less
common than with carbamazepine)
Common: CNS depression, dizziness,
diplopia, nausea, ataxia, hyponatremia, weight gain, alopecia

35
Q

generic name and class

lamictal

A

generic: lamotrigine
class: sodium channel blocker

36
Q

black box warning

lamotrigine

A

serious skin reactions including SJS

concimitant use with divalproex increases lamotrigine levels, which can increase the risk of serious skin reactions

37
Q

generic name and class

generic: dilantin

A

generic: phenytoin
class: sodium channel blocker

38
Q

major contraindications

phenytoin

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • sinus bradycardia
  • AV block
39
Q

black box warning

phenytoin

A

hypotension and arrhythmias with IV admin

40
Q

generic name and class

depakote

A

generic: divalproex
class: gaba modulator

41
Q

indication

divalproex

A

epilepsy

42
Q

major contraindications

divalproex

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • hepatic disease
  • urea cycle disorders
43
Q

black box warnings

divalproex

A
  • hepatoxicity
  • patients with mitochondrial disease
  • teratogenicity
  • pancreatitis
44
Q

generic name and class

luminal

A

generic: phenobarbital
class: gaba receptor agonist (barbiturates, antiepileptic)

45
Q

major contraindication

phenobarbital

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • marked liver function impairment
  • respiratory disease with evidence of dyspnea or obstruction
  • personal or family history of acute intermittent prophyria
46
Q

black box warning

phenobarbital

A
  • concomitant use with opioids
  • dependence and withdrawal
  • abuse
47
Q

generic name and class

topamax

A

generic: topiramate
class: glutamate blocker (antiepileptic)

48
Q

major contraindications

topiramate

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • alcohol use for ER formulation 6 hrs before and after admin
49
Q

generic name and class

keppra, spritam

A

generic: levetiracetam
class: glutamate blocker (antiepileptic)

50
Q

generic name and class

sinemet/rytary

A

generic: carbidopa/levodopa
class: dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (antiparkinsonian)

51
Q

major contraindication

carbidopa/levodopa

A

hypersensitivity and concurrent use with non-selective MAOIs

52
Q

generic name and class

1. mirapex 2. requip

A
  1. pramipexole
  2. ropinirole

class: dopamine agonist (antiparkinsonian)

53
Q

key counseling points

pramipexole and ropinirole

A

do not stop suddenly

54
Q

generic name and class

cogentin

A

generic: benztropine
class: anticholinergic (antiparksonian)

55
Q

major contraindications

benztropine

A

hypersensitivity and angle-closure glaucoma

56
Q

generic name and class

1.relpax 2.maxalt 3.imitrex

A

1.eletriptan
2.rizatriptan
3.sumatriptan

class: acute migraine treatment

57
Q

major contraindications

triptans

A
  • history of stroke or transient ischemic attack
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • uncontrolled hypertension
58
Q

generic name and class

provigil

A

generic: modafinil
class: CNS stimulant

59
Q

indication

modafinil

A

narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, shift work sleep disorder

60
Q

major warnings

modafinil

A
  • SJS
  • TEN
  • DRESS
  • cardiovascular disease
  • psychiatric disorders
61
Q

generic name and class

1.lunesta 2.ambien/intermezzo

A
  1. eszopiclone
  2. zolpidem

class: nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonist hypnotic

for insomnia

62
Q

black box warnings

z drugs

A

complex sleep behaviors (sleep walking or driving, engaging in other activites while not fully awake)

Discontinue immediately if patient experiences complex sleep behavior

63
Q

generic name and class

chantix

A

generic: varenicline
class: partial nicotine agonist

smoking cessation aid

64
Q

rare but serious ADR

CHANTIX

A

neuropsychiatric events (depression, suicidal thoughts)

65
Q

generic name and class

adipex-p, lomaira

A

generic: phentermine
class: sympathomimetic; CNS stimulant

anorexiant (reduces appetite)

66
Q

major contraindications

phentermine

A

cardiovascular disease (arrhythmias, heart failure, CAD, stroke, uncontrolled hypertension)

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