Neurology Flashcards
1
Q
generic name and class
aricept
A
generic: donepezil
class: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
2
Q
indication
donepezil
A
alzheimer’s disease
3
Q
adverse effects
donepezil
A
Feeling dizzy, tired, or weak; Diarrhea, upset stomach, or throwing up; Trouble sleeping (vivid dreams); Muscle cramps; Not hungry; Weight loss, Headache
4
Q
counseling points
donepezil
A
should not be used in patients with baseline bradycardia
5
Q
generic name and class
namenda
A
generic: memantine
class: n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist
6
Q
indication
memantine
A
alzheimers disease
7
Q
use with caution
memantine
A
- history of seizure disorder
- cardiovascular disease
- renal impairment
- hepatic impairment
- alkalinizing medications, dietary changes or patient conditions that may increase urine pH
8
Q
generic name and class
gralise or neurontin
A
generic: gabapentin
class: antiseizure, gaba analog
9
Q
indication
gabapentin
A
neuropathic pain
10
Q
warnings
gabapentin
A
- should not be discontinued abruptly b/c of possibility of seizure
- IR and ER products are not interchangeable
- may exacerbate myasthenia gravis
- use with caution in patients with renal impairment
- tolerance, psychological and physical dependence may occur in patients with history of substance misuse
11
Q
common ADRs
gabapentin
A
drowsiness, dizziness
12
Q
rare but serious ADRs
gabapentin
A
- respiratory depression
- CNS depression resulting in accidental injury
- DRESS
- SJS
- toxic epidermal necrolysis
- bullous pemphigoid
- erythema multiforme
- hypersensitivity angitis
- agitation
13
Q
generic name and class
lyrica
A
generic: pregabalin
class: antiseizure agent, gaba analog
14
Q
indication
pregabalin
A
neuropathic pain
15
Q
warnings
pregabalin
A
- history of angioedema or concurrent use with meds known to cause angioedema (ACEI)
- renal impairment
- substance misuse
- don’t abruptly withdraw
16
Q
common ADRs
pregabalin
A
- drowsiness
- dizziness
- edema
17
Q
rare but serious ADRs
pregabalin
A
- respiratory depression
- accidental injury
- maculopapular rashes
- DRESS
- SJS
- toxic epidermal necrolysis
- peripheral edema
- blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, diplopia, visual field loss
- weight gain
18
Q
generic name and class
skelexin
A
generic: metaxalone
class: skeletal muscle relaxant
19
Q
indication
metaxalone
A
spasticity
20
Q
common ADRs
metaxalone
A
dizziness, drowsiness, headache
21
Q
rare but serious ADR
metaxalone
A
serotonin syndrome if used with SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, etc.
22
Q
generic name and class
1.focalin 2. vyvanse 3. ritalin/concerta
A
- dexmethylphenidate
- lisdexamfetamine
- methylphenidate
class: CNS stimulant
23
Q
black box warning
cns stimulants
A
- risks of misuse, abuse, substance use disorder, and overdose consistently across all medicines in the class, as well as advise health care professionals to monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms of misuse, abuse, and substance use disorder
- hypersensitivity or use during or within 14 days following MAOI therapy
- Methylphenidate ER capsules (generic Metadate CD): Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, or sucrose-isomaltase insufficiency.
24
Q
indication
CNS stimulants
A
ADHD
25
rare but serious ADRs
| CNS stimulants
* MI
* tachycardia
* hypertension
* growth retardation in peds
* priapism
* psychosis or mania
26
generic name and class
| estulic/tenex
generic: guanfacine
class: alpha 2 adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive (ADHD)
27
common ADRs
| guanfacine
* dizziness
* drowsiness
* headache
* constipation
* xerostomia
* impotence
* fatigue
* insomnia
28
serious ADRs
| guanfacine
* AV block
* bradycardia
* hypotension
* orthostatic hypotension
* sinoatrial nodal rhythm disorder
* syncope
* anxiety
* rebound hypertension
29
generic name and class
| tegretol
generic: carbamazepine
class: sodium channel blocker
30
indication
| sodium channel blockers
epilepsy
31
major contraindications
| carbamazepine
* hypersensitivity
* history of bone marrow depression
* co-treatment w/ MAOIs, nefazodone, other NNRTIs that are CYP3A4 substrates
32
black box warning
| carbamazepine
agranuloccytosis; aplastic anemia; SJS/TEN (especially in Asians-screen for HLA-B*15:02)
33
generic name and class
| trileptal
generic: oxcarbazepine
class: sodium channel blocker
34
ADRs
| oxcarbazepine
**Rare but Serious**: Agranulocytosis,
Dermatological reactions (less
common than with carbamazepine)
**Common**: CNS depression, dizziness,
diplopia, nausea, ataxia, hyponatremia, weight gain, alopecia
35
generic name and class
| lamictal
generic: lamotrigine
class: sodium channel blocker
36
black box warning
| lamotrigine
serious skin reactions including SJS
## Footnote
concimitant use with divalproex increases lamotrigine levels, which can increase the risk of serious skin reactions
37
generic name and class
| generic: dilantin
generic: phenytoin
class: sodium channel blocker
38
major contraindications
| phenytoin
* hypersensitivity
* sinus bradycardia
* AV block
39
black box warning
| phenytoin
hypotension and arrhythmias with IV admin
40
generic name and class
| depakote
generic: divalproex
class: gaba modulator
41
indication
| divalproex
epilepsy
42
major contraindications
| divalproex
* hypersensitivity
* hepatic disease
* urea cycle disorders
43
black box warnings
| divalproex
* hepatoxicity
* patients with mitochondrial disease
* teratogenicity
* pancreatitis
44
generic name and class
| luminal
generic: phenobarbital
class: gaba receptor agonist (barbiturates, antiepileptic)
45
major contraindication
| phenobarbital
* hypersensitivity
* marked liver function impairment
* respiratory disease with evidence of dyspnea or obstruction
* personal or family history of acute intermittent prophyria
46
black box warning
| phenobarbital
* concomitant use with opioids
* dependence and withdrawal
* abuse
47
generic name and class
| topamax
generic: topiramate
class: glutamate blocker (antiepileptic)
48
major contraindications
| topiramate
* hypersensitivity
* alcohol use for ER formulation 6 hrs before and after admin
49
generic name and class
| keppra, spritam
generic: levetiracetam
class: glutamate blocker (antiepileptic)
50
generic name and class
| sinemet/rytary
generic: carbidopa/levodopa
class: dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (antiparkinsonian)
51
major contraindication
| carbidopa/levodopa
hypersensitivity and concurrent use with non-selective MAOIs
52
generic name and class
| 1. mirapex 2. requip
1. pramipexole
2. ropinirole
class: dopamine agonist (antiparkinsonian)
53
key counseling points
| pramipexole and ropinirole
do not stop suddenly
54
generic name and class
| cogentin
generic: benztropine
class: anticholinergic (antiparksonian)
55
major contraindications
| benztropine
hypersensitivity and angle-closure glaucoma
56
generic name and class
| 1.relpax 2.maxalt 3.imitrex
1.eletriptan
2.rizatriptan
3.sumatriptan
class: acute migraine treatment
57
major contraindications
| triptans
* history of stroke or transient ischemic attack
* peripheral vascular disease
* uncontrolled hypertension
58
generic name and class
| provigil
generic: modafinil
class: CNS stimulant
59
indication
| modafinil
narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, shift work sleep disorder
60
major warnings
| modafinil
* SJS
* TEN
* DRESS
* cardiovascular disease
* psychiatric disorders
61
generic name and class
| 1.lunesta 2.ambien/intermezzo
1. eszopiclone
2. zolpidem
class: nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonist hypnotic
| for insomnia
62
black box warnings
| z drugs
complex sleep behaviors (sleep walking or driving, engaging in other activites while not fully awake)
## Footnote
Discontinue immediately if patient experiences complex sleep behavior
63
generic name and class
| chantix
generic: varenicline
class: partial nicotine agonist
| smoking cessation aid
64
rare but serious ADR
| CHANTIX
neuropsychiatric events (depression, suicidal thoughts)
65
generic name and class
| adipex-p, lomaira
generic: phentermine
class: sympathomimetic; CNS stimulant
| anorexiant (reduces appetite)
66
major contraindications
| phentermine
cardiovascular disease (arrhythmias, heart failure, CAD, stroke, uncontrolled hypertension)
