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TOP 300 > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

brand name for pantoprazole

A

protonix

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2
Q

generic name for Prilosec

A

omeprazole

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3
Q

major indications for proton pump inhibitors (PPI)

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease

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4
Q

MOA for PPI

A

irreversible blocking the gastric proton pump of the gastric parietal cells

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5
Q

common adverse drug reactions for PPI

A

hypocalcemia, B12 defiency, and rebound

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6
Q

rare adverse drug reactions for PPI

A

bone fracture, interstitial nephritis and infections

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7
Q

counsel points for PPI

A

administer 30 minutes before a meal, ideally breakfast

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8
Q

histamine type 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) generic name

A

famotidine

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9
Q

histamine type 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) brand name

A

pepcid

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10
Q

major indications for H2RA

A

GERD

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11
Q

MOA for H2RA

A

block histamine at H2 receptor on the parietal cell

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12
Q

black box warnings for H2RA

A

ranitidine (zantac) removed from market d/t NDMA levels

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13
Q

common ADRs for H2RA

A

b12 defiency and tachyphylaxis

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14
Q

rare ADRs for H2RA

A

CNS effects

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15
Q

counseling points for H2RA

A

good for occassional heartburn b/c works quicker than PPI, don’t need to take on empty stomach before a meal

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16
Q

mucosal protectant generic name

A

sucralfate

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17
Q

mucosal protectant brand name

A

carafate

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18
Q

major indications for mucosal protectant

A

GERD and peptic ulcer disease

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19
Q

MOA for mucosal protectant

A

Forms a complex by binding with positively charged proteins in exudates, forming a viscous
paste-like, adhesive substance. This selectively forms a protective coating that acts locally to
protect the gastric lining against peptic acid, pepsin, and bile salts

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20
Q

counseling point for mucosal protectant

A

may block absorption of some medications

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21
Q

generic name for phenergan

A

promethazine

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22
Q

brand name for prochlorperazine

A

compazine

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23
Q

brand name for metoclopramide

A

reglan

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24
Q

generic name for zofran

A

ondansetron

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25
Q

major indication for antiemetics

promethazine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide and ondansetron

A

nausea and vomiting

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26
Q

MOA for promethazine and prochlorperazine

phenergan and compazine

A

inhibit dopaminergic, histaminic and muscarinic activity in the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)

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27
Q

MOA for metoclopramide

reglan

A

dopamine antagonist, enhances response to acetylcholine in upper GI tract and blocks signals to CTZ that trigger vomiting

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28
Q

MOA for ondansetron

zofran

A

5-HT3-receptor antagonist which blocks serotonin, both in gut and centrally in the CTZ

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29
Q

major contraindication for promethazine

A
  • children under 2
  • compromised respiratory function
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30
Q

major contraindication for prochlorperazine

A
  • children under 2
  • presence of CNS depressants
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31
Q

major contraindications for metoclopramide (reglan)

A

history of dystonic reaction to metoclopramide administration

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32
Q

major contraindication for ondansetron

A

high IV doses should be avoided in congenital long QT syndrome

long QT: longer than usual for the heart to recharge between beats

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33
Q

black box warnings for promethazine

A
  • respiratory depression: kids under 2
  • severe tissue injury (IV and SC use not recommended)
34
Q

black box warnings for prochlorperazine

A

elderly patients with dementia: increase risk of death with antipsychotics

35
Q

black box warnings for metoclopramide

A

tardive dyskinesia (EPS)

repetitive, involuntary movements, such as grimacing and eye blinking.

36
Q

common ADRs for promethazine and prochlorperazine

A
  • CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, delirium
  • anticholinergic effects
  • orthostatic hypotension
37
Q

common ADRs for metoclopramide

A
  • CNS: drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, confusion
  • diarrhea
38
Q

common ADRs for ondansetron

A
  • constipation
  • CNS: headache, fatigue
39
Q

rare ADRs for promethazine

A
  • respiratory depression
  • tissue damage
  • EPS
  • QTc prolongation
40
Q

rare ADRs for prochlorperazine

A
  • EPS
  • QTc prolongation
41
Q

rare ADRs for metoclopramide

A

QTc prolongation

42
Q

rare ADRs for ondansetron

A

QTc prolongation

43
Q

key counseling points for promethazine

A

beers and KIDS list

44
Q

key counseling points for prochlorperazine

A
  • beers and KIDS list
  • available as suppository
45
Q

key counseling points for metoclopramide

A
  • beers and KIDS list
  • avoid long term use when possible
46
Q

brand name for antidiarrheal agent

A

lomotil

47
Q

generic name for antidiarrheal

A

diphenoxylate/atropine

48
Q

major indication for lomotil

A

diarrhea

49
Q

MOA for anti-diarrheal

A
  • opiate derivative - works on μ and δ receptors in the gut
  • atropine solely to reduce abuse potential
50
Q

major contraindications for lomotil

A
  • C. diff
  • kids under 6
51
Q

common ADRs for anti-diarrheal

A

CNS depression

52
Q

rare ADRs for anti-diarrheal

A

atropinism (anticholinergic)

poisoning by atropine

53
Q

key counseling points for anti-diarrheal

A

beers and KIDS list

54
Q

generic name for constipation agent

A

polyethylene glycol

55
Q

brand name for constipation agent

A
  • miralax
  • golytely
56
Q

major indication

polyethylene glycol

A
  • constipation - occasional and chronic idiopathic
  • bowel prep before colonoscopy
57
Q

MOA for constipation agent

A

osmotic agent: pulls water into stool

58
Q

major contraindications for constipation agent

A

use only under the direction of a health care provider if kidney disease is present (OTC)

59
Q

common ADRs for constipation agent

A

abdominal cramping, distension, pain, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence

60
Q

key counseling points for constipation agent

A

dissolve a capful in at least 4 ounces of fluid

61
Q

brand name for dicyclomine

A

bentyl

62
Q

generic name for linzess

A

linaclotide

63
Q

brand name for lubiprostone

A

amitiza

64
Q

generic name for xifaxan

A

rifaximin

65
Q

major indications for bentyl

A

IBS - associated abdominal pain

66
Q

major indications for linzess and amitiza

A
  • IBS-Constipation
  • opiod induced constipation
  • chronic idiopathic constipation
67
Q

major indications for xifaxan

A
  • IBS
  • hepatic encephalopathy

loss of brain func occurs when a liver doesn’t remove toxins from blood.

68
Q

MOA for bentyl

A

anticholinergic - blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle

69
Q

MOA for linzess

A

Agonizes guanylate cyclase-C on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelium. Intracellular and extracellular cGMP concentrations are subsequently increased resulting in chloride and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen. Intestinal fluid increases and GI transit is accelerated

70
Q

MOA for amitiza

A

Cl- channel activator – increases intestinal fluid and improves fecal transit

71
Q

MOA for xifaxan

A

inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent
RNA polymerase

72
Q

major contraindications for bentyl

A

glaucoma

73
Q

major contraindication for linzess

A
  • kids under 2
  • GI obstruction
74
Q

major contraindication for amitiza

A

GI obstruction

75
Q

black box warning

linzess

A

serious dehydration in kids under 2

76
Q

common ADRs for bentyl

A
  • nausea
  • anticholinergic - dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth
77
Q

common ADRs for linzess

A

diarrhea

78
Q

common ADRs for amitiza

A
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
79
Q

rare ADRs for xifaxan

A

increased risk of resistant infections

80
Q

key counseling for bentyl

A

anticholinergic side effecting counseling

81
Q

key counseling points for xifaxan

A

use should be limited to 14 days for IBS

82
Q
A

TOP 300 (19 decks)

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