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Acid-Base & RNA Viruses > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

predisposing conditions for ____________include tobacco, alcohol, COPD, bronchial obstruction, malnutrition

A

community acquired pneumonia

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2
Q

typical pneumonia refers to bacteria that causes chills, cough, ________ and _____

A

fever and SOB

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3
Q

typical bacteria include s. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, staph aureus, group A ______

A

strep

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4
Q

______ causes of pneumonia include chlamydia, legionella,

A

aytpical

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5
Q

chills, cough, fever, and SOB are common symptoms of ______

A

community acquired pneumonia

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6
Q

Hemophilus influenza is a typical cause of CAP in ______ patients with underlying pulmonary disease

A

older

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7
Q

beta-lactam agents are the preferred antimmicrobial agents for __________

A

H. influenza

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8
Q

H. flu are gram negative rods, facultative anaerobic, and ____

A

small

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9
Q

if patient is younger than 40, lives in close quarters, it is likely they have ________

A

mycoplasma pneumonia (via infected respiratory droplets)

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10
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia has no _____ ______ that can grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

A

cell wall

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11
Q

beta lactam attack cell walls, so they will not be effective on ___________

A

myoplasma pneumonia

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12
Q

aytpical CAP occurs from ________ ______, which has gradual onset (headache, malaise, low grade fever)

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

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13
Q

treat M. pneumonia with ________ (azithromycin)

A

macrolides (inhibit protein synthesis, so works on bacteria without a cell wall); doxycycline is an alternative (fluoroquinolone can cause a achilles tendon tear)

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14
Q

if your patient is middle aged or older, has travelled recently, or exposed to mist environment (showers/whirpool), the pathogen is _____________

A

legionella

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15
Q

legionella is a gram negative bacilli has an onset of _____

A

2-10 days

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16
Q

legionella CAP has the same symptoms, but with a higher fever and ______ symptoms (atypical)

A

GI

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17
Q

treat legionella with ______

A

azithromycin

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18
Q

a mildly ill patient who lives in a close environment may get CAP through __________

A

chlamydia pneumoniae

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19
Q

pneumonia and bronchitis, most common respiratory infections, are the result of _________

A

chlamydia pneumoniae

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20
Q

chlamydia is an obligate ________ bacteria. immunity is _______

A

intracellular

short lived

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21
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae has the usual symptoms, plus ________ and hoarseness (atypical)

A

pharyngitis

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22
Q

switch from azithromycin to _______ if Chlamydia pneumonia is documented

A

doxycycline

23
Q

if patient is not severely sick, not in a special group, they likely have _________. Typical.

A

strep pneumoniae

24
Q

step pneumonia is a gram positive, alpha hemolytic bacterium. Adheres to ________ cells of the nasopharynx and forms bridges

A

epithelial

25
Q

gram negative bacilli (klebsiella) are uncommon for pneumonia. People with these have _______ pneumonia, admitted to ICU

A

severe

26
Q

klebsiella pneumonia is a _____ cause of CAP. Also in alcoholics, ______ and COPD

A

nosocomial

diabetics

27
Q

fever, cough, INCREASED sputum production, leukocytosis, crackles in __________

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

28
Q

“currant jelly” is blood tinged sputum that occurs in ______ (due to necrosis in the lung tissue)

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

29
Q

influenza more likely to cause viral pneumonia after an __________

A

upper respiratory infection

30
Q

respiratory syncytial virus is hardest on the ______ and is spread hands to nose

A

elderly

31
Q

parainfluenza usually starts off with a mild upper respiratory infection, but can be life threatening in ___________ adults

A

immunocompromised

32
Q

adenovirus causes patchy _________ infiltrates

A

alveolar

33
Q

SARS and MERS-CoV, Avian influenza, Hantavirus, and some fungal also cause _______

A

pneumonia

34
Q

children under _____, adults over 65, people with chronic _____ disorders, immunosuppression are at a high risk for CAP

A

2

pulmonary

35
Q

bronchitis is usually _____ and develops on top of a cold or flu

A

viral

36
Q

chlamydial infect often results in _______ ______

A

acute bronchitis

37
Q

persistent cough lasting 10-20 days, wheezing, low fever, chest tightness are symptoms of ____ _____. Dullness to ______

A

acute bronchitis

percussion

38
Q

treat cough with anti-tussives, treat airflow with ________, and steroids to reduce ______

A

humidifier

inflammation

39
Q

in COPD patients, treat bronchitis with _________

A

antibiotics

40
Q

bronchiolitis occurs in children under ____ years, upper respiratory symptoms, and wheezing/crackles

A

2

41
Q

bronchiolitis is most common in infants and children following ____________ and adenovirus

A

respiratory synctial virus

42
Q

nasal flaring, accessory muscle use may occur in __________

A

severe bronchiolitis

43
Q

pertussis attacks infants under ____ years old, caused by _________ ______. Via respiratory droplets.

A

2

bordatella pertussis

44
Q

treat pertussis with a ________

A

macrolide (erythromycin)

45
Q

________ are ingested by alveolar macrophages, pass through the lymphatics and blood stream before an immune response is mounted

A

tubercul bacilli

46
Q

the _____ lung lobes are most affected by TB. PA and lateral chest X-ray.

A

upper

47
Q

TB treatment lasts for 6-9 months. ______ is difficult

A

compliant

48
Q

Histoplasmosis occurs when soil is disrupted, and _______ occurs

A

aerosolization to humans

49
Q

histoplasmis is a ______ infection of the lung; worse in _______ pts

A

fungal

immunocompromised

50
Q

itraconazole and amphotericin are used to treat ________

A

histoplasmosis

51
Q

_____ TB is inactive and cannot infect others. But, it activates if the host immune response _____

A

latent

weakens

52
Q

in primary TB, the patient inhales airborne ________ with tubercle bacilli. These pass through ______ and _______ before an immune response is mounted

A

droplets

lymphatics and blood stream

53
Q

pertussis occurs via _______ droplets, often in infants under 2. 3 stages. Treat with _______

A

respiratory

macrolides (erithromycin)

54
Q

TB presents with malaise, anorexia, weight loss, _____, and ______ _____. Cough is dry at first, becomes ______ streaked.

A

fever
night sweats
blood
often seen in children

Acid-Base & RNA Viruses (15 decks)

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