Pulmonary Flashcards
predisposing conditions for ____________include tobacco, alcohol, COPD, bronchial obstruction, malnutrition
community acquired pneumonia
typical pneumonia refers to bacteria that causes chills, cough, ________ and _____
fever and SOB
typical bacteria include s. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, staph aureus, group A ______
strep
______ causes of pneumonia include chlamydia, legionella,
aytpical
chills, cough, fever, and SOB are common symptoms of ______
community acquired pneumonia
Hemophilus influenza is a typical cause of CAP in ______ patients with underlying pulmonary disease
older
beta-lactam agents are the preferred antimmicrobial agents for __________
H. influenza
H. flu are gram negative rods, facultative anaerobic, and ____
small
if patient is younger than 40, lives in close quarters, it is likely they have ________
mycoplasma pneumonia (via infected respiratory droplets)
mycoplasma pneumonia has no _____ ______ that can grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
cell wall
beta lactam attack cell walls, so they will not be effective on ___________
myoplasma pneumonia
aytpical CAP occurs from ________ ______, which has gradual onset (headache, malaise, low grade fever)
mycoplasma pneumonia
treat M. pneumonia with ________ (azithromycin)
macrolides (inhibit protein synthesis, so works on bacteria without a cell wall); doxycycline is an alternative (fluoroquinolone can cause a achilles tendon tear)
if your patient is middle aged or older, has travelled recently, or exposed to mist environment (showers/whirpool), the pathogen is _____________
legionella
legionella is a gram negative bacilli has an onset of _____
2-10 days
legionella CAP has the same symptoms, but with a higher fever and ______ symptoms (atypical)
GI
treat legionella with ______
azithromycin
a mildly ill patient who lives in a close environment may get CAP through __________
chlamydia pneumoniae
pneumonia and bronchitis, most common respiratory infections, are the result of _________
chlamydia pneumoniae
chlamydia is an obligate ________ bacteria. immunity is _______
intracellular
short lived
chlamydia pneumoniae has the usual symptoms, plus ________ and hoarseness (atypical)
pharyngitis
switch from azithromycin to _______ if Chlamydia pneumonia is documented
doxycycline
if patient is not severely sick, not in a special group, they likely have _________. Typical.
strep pneumoniae
step pneumonia is a gram positive, alpha hemolytic bacterium. Adheres to ________ cells of the nasopharynx and forms bridges
epithelial
gram negative bacilli (klebsiella) are uncommon for pneumonia. People with these have _______ pneumonia, admitted to ICU
severe
klebsiella pneumonia is a _____ cause of CAP. Also in alcoholics, ______ and COPD
nosocomial
diabetics
fever, cough, INCREASED sputum production, leukocytosis, crackles in __________
klebsiella pneumoniae
“currant jelly” is blood tinged sputum that occurs in ______ (due to necrosis in the lung tissue)
klebsiella pneumoniae
influenza more likely to cause viral pneumonia after an __________
upper respiratory infection
respiratory syncytial virus is hardest on the ______ and is spread hands to nose
elderly
parainfluenza usually starts off with a mild upper respiratory infection, but can be life threatening in ___________ adults
immunocompromised
adenovirus causes patchy _________ infiltrates
alveolar
SARS and MERS-CoV, Avian influenza, Hantavirus, and some fungal also cause _______
pneumonia
children under _____, adults over 65, people with chronic _____ disorders, immunosuppression are at a high risk for CAP
2
pulmonary
bronchitis is usually _____ and develops on top of a cold or flu
viral
chlamydial infect often results in _______ ______
acute bronchitis
persistent cough lasting 10-20 days, wheezing, low fever, chest tightness are symptoms of ____ _____. Dullness to ______
acute bronchitis
percussion
treat cough with anti-tussives, treat airflow with ________, and steroids to reduce ______
humidifier
inflammation
in COPD patients, treat bronchitis with _________
antibiotics
bronchiolitis occurs in children under ____ years, upper respiratory symptoms, and wheezing/crackles
2
bronchiolitis is most common in infants and children following ____________ and adenovirus
respiratory synctial virus
nasal flaring, accessory muscle use may occur in __________
severe bronchiolitis
pertussis attacks infants under ____ years old, caused by _________ ______. Via respiratory droplets.
2
bordatella pertussis
treat pertussis with a ________
macrolide (erythromycin)
________ are ingested by alveolar macrophages, pass through the lymphatics and blood stream before an immune response is mounted
tubercul bacilli
the _____ lung lobes are most affected by TB. PA and lateral chest X-ray.
upper
TB treatment lasts for 6-9 months. ______ is difficult
compliant
Histoplasmosis occurs when soil is disrupted, and _______ occurs
aerosolization to humans
histoplasmis is a ______ infection of the lung; worse in _______ pts
fungal
immunocompromised
itraconazole and amphotericin are used to treat ________
histoplasmosis
_____ TB is inactive and cannot infect others. But, it activates if the host immune response _____
latent
weakens
in primary TB, the patient inhales airborne ________ with tubercle bacilli. These pass through ______ and _______ before an immune response is mounted
droplets
lymphatics and blood stream
pertussis occurs via _______ droplets, often in infants under 2. 3 stages. Treat with _______
respiratory
macrolides (erithromycin)
TB presents with malaise, anorexia, weight loss, _____, and ______ _____. Cough is dry at first, becomes ______ streaked.
fever
night sweats
blood
often seen in children
