Fungi and Parasites Flashcards
Fungi require an _____ environment
aerobic
yeast is _________, spherical, or ellipsoidal. Reproduce by ______. For pseudohyphae when buds don’t separate.
unicellular
budding
threadlike branching of fungi is _____
hyphae
molds are clumps of _______, multicellular colonies
hyphae
the innermost layer of the cytoplasm contains ________
ergosterol
amphotericin B binds to ______ and punch holes in the cell membrane
ergosterol
the cell wall of fungi are _____ to humans. They are surrounded by a _____
antigens
capsule
candida albicans and dermatophytoses are _______ fungi
cutaneous
fungal subcutaneous gain entrance through ______ trauma
skin
parasites can be ___ or ____ cellular
uni or multi
parasites secrete a protective ____
coat
plasmodium have a sexual (mosquitoes) and asexual phase (humans). ____ species infect humans
4
_______: rapid infection of ________ starts asexual cycle in humans. In 48-72 hours, RBCs rupture and release meroxoites to infect new RBCs
Plasmodium
hepatocytes.
plasmodium _______ is the most widely distributed of the 4 species
vivax
P. falciform is the dominant organism of the ______.
tropics
symptom progress of malaria: hot, cold, and ____
wet
RBC rupture causes the ____ of malaria and anemia.
fever
Malarial fever causes vasodilation, which cause ______
hyptension
toxoplasma gondii found in ______ and birds. Tissue cysts common in meat. May develop in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Avoid kitty litter!
mammals
toxoplasmosis can be congenital, normal host, or in _________.
immunocompromised
amebiasis can cause traveler’s diarrhea. Create _______
ulcers
Giardia lamblia causes acute _______ that is profuse and watery. can also be chronic with greasy stools (would find cysts and parasites)
diarrhea
giardia occurs under moist, cool conditions where the _____ can survive for weeks to months. Fecal contamination of water or food
cysts
cryptosporidium also has watery, profuse diarrhea, but it is _____. 1-3% of immunocompetent patients have diarrhea. Self limiting.
rare
helminths are _____ ____. Round or flat.
parasitic worms
_______ will affect the GI tract, the liver, or the skin primarily.
worms
whipworm and pinworm occur with ingestion of ______. Hookworm penetrates the _____
eggs
skin
whipworm (trichuriasis) produces 10,000 eggs. Not common in the US ,but common in the ______ climate
tropical
in pinworm, the home of the worm is in the _______
cecum
pinworm is very common, not usually _____. Anal itching is most common.
serious
hookworm larvae require hot, moist conditions. Limited to ______ areas and southern US. Pruritus at site of skin penetration.
tropical
fish tapeworm release eggs in water. Humans infected by ingesting inadequately cooked ______. Eggs will be in stool.
fish
