musculoskeletal Flashcards
osteomyelitis is most often caused by ________ (infection of the medullary bone)
bacteria
osteomyelitis may be _______ (outside-in) or _______ (inside-out)
exogenous
endogenous
open fratures, surgery, penetrating wounds, local injections, are all _________
exogenous
pathogens carried in the bloodstream from site of infection to bone, then to soft tissue, are _______
endogenous
if bacteria is in the soft tissue, such as cellulitis, it can spread to bone. this is _______
exogenous
if pathogen is carried in the bloodstream from site of infection to bone, then to _____ _____, it is _______ (more common in children, infants, older adults)
soft tissue
endogenous
sick cell anemia and low oxygen tension commonly cause _________ osteomyelitis
endogenous
superficial human bites are _______ ______ and cause _______ osteomyelitis
staph aureus
exogenous
if a superficial animal bite causes exogenous osteomyelitis, it is caused by _______ ______
pasteurella multocida
chronically ill and immunocompromised are very susceptible to _______ _______
exogenous osteomyelitis
the most common sites for endogenous (hematogenous) is ____, _____, and small bones
spine and pelvis (microorganisms travel through arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels)
skin, ear, dental, sinus commonly cause ____________
endogenous osteomyelitis
soft tissue infections, GI disorders, GU infections, respiratory infections, all cause ________
endogenous osteomyelitis
the most common bacteria cause of hematogenous osteomyelitis is ____ _____
staph aureus
in children, osteomyelitis lifts off the _______, disrupts blood supply, leads to _____ and _____
periosteum
necrosis and sequestrum
in adults, the periosteum is firmly attached to the cortex, which becomes _____ and ______, leading to ______
weakened and disrupted
pathologic fractures
osteomyelitis may be acute __________, (`inadequate previous therapy), or ______
subacute
chronic
exogenous osteomyelitis will have ______ _____ signs of infection (abscess, exudate, local pain)
soft tissue
hematogenous has more _______ onset. Will present with malaise, _____, _____
gradual
fever, anorexia, weight loss
back pain that’s worse with motion and also throbs at rest, is ______
acute spine osteomyelitis
WBC and ESR will be ______ .
extremely high
treat osteomyelitis with _________
IV antibiotics and debridement (surgery)
mycotic infections of the bone are _______ to a primary infection
secondary
candidiasis osteomyelitis patients are hospitalized, severely malnourished. Infection from __________
intravenous catheters
treat mycotic infections with _______
oral azole antifungals
mycobacterium tuberculosis travels to _____ and lies ____ until activated
bone
dormant
tuberculous arthritis usually affects _______ joint
one (monoarticular!)
reactive arthritis follows a ______ or ______ infection
GI or GU
reactive arthritis manifests as ____________
oligoarthritis that is sterile
very swollen toes, fingers heels are characteristic of ______ ______
reactive arthritis
treat reactive arthritis with ______
antibiotics
septic arthritis has _____ onset, inflammatory, ______articular, and affects __________ joints and wrists
acute
monoarticular
septic arthritis is very hot to tough. affects _____, _____, wrists
KNEE, hip (groin pain)
most common pathogen for septic arthritis is ______
staph auerus
lyme, borrelia burgdoferi (rocky mountain), viral are all other causes of ______
arthritis
gonococcal arthritis is most common in young women during ______ or pregnancy, or men who are having _________
menses
men having sex with men
polyarthralgias (joint pain that is always moving) is indicative of _______ _____
gonococcal arthritis
myositis may be viral, bacterial or parasitic. results from ______ changes in _____ muscle
inflammatory changes in skeletal muscle
