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BOARDS > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

unlabored breathing with nonproductive cough and expiratory wheeze

A

foreign body

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2
Q

best test to confirm foreign body

A

airway fluoroscopy

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3
Q

recurrent wheezing that increases with feeding and neck flexion

A

vascular ring

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4
Q

best test to diagnose vascular ring

A

barium swallow study

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5
Q

hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy aka

A

clubbing of fingers

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6
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

difference >20 in BP between inspiration and expiration

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7
Q

chronic hypoxemia effect on kidneys

A

increased EPO so increased HCT and decreased platelets

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8
Q

chronic hypoxemia and respiratory drive

A

hypoxemia drives their respiratory drive so if you give them oxygen they may decompensate

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9
Q

best way to measure oxygenation with carbon monoxide poisoning

A

arterial blood gas (carboxyhemoglobin absorbs light the same as oxyhemoglobin so pulse ox won’t be accurate)

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10
Q

blood measurement for oxygenation

A

must be arterial (capillary is not accurate for oxygenation)

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11
Q

test to distinguish pulmonary vs cardiac cause of cyanosis

A

hyperoxia test (after 10 minutes of 100% O2 PaO2 would increase in pulmonary disease but not cardiac)

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12
Q

iron in methemoglobinemia

A

is in the oxidized ferric state (Fe3+) so that it can’t effectively unload oxygen to the tissues

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13
Q

best way to diagnose methemoglobinemia

A

cooximetry

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14
Q

common cause of methemoglobinemia in babies

A

topical anesthetics (benzocaine) for teething

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15
Q

methemoglobinemia treatment

A

remove exposure and/or IV methylene blue

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16
Q

pulse ox reading with methemoglobinemia

A

85% (methemoglobin absorbs both oxygenated and deoxygenated wavelengths)

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17
Q

loud brassy cough that is not present during sleep

A

psychogenic cough

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18
Q

FTT with low serum albumin, low sodium and pseudomonas infections

A

CF

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19
Q

diagnostic sweat test for CF

A

> 60 meq

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20
Q

odds of a healthy sibling of someone with CF being a carrier

A

2/3

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21
Q

carrier rate of CF in caucasian population

A

1/25

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22
Q

newborn screen and CF

A

only 95% sensitive

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23
Q

newborn with hypoproteinemia, anemia, hypochloremic alkalosis, recurrent pulmonary symptoms and steatorrhea

A

CF

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24
Q

which symptoms of CF are more prevalent in infants

A

GI more so than pulm (meconium ileum, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

25
Q

vitamin supplementation in CF

A

vitamin D by 5 years old

26
Q

coags in CF

A

prolonged PTT from vitamin K malabsorption

27
Q

pseudocyst on xray in newborn

A

meconium peritonitis - think CF

28
Q

bacteria with advanced CF that is associated with worsening lung function na poor overall outcome

A

burkholderia cepacia

29
Q

treatment choice for acute pulmonary exacerbations with CF

A

aminoglycoside and penicillin derivative (ex: piperacillin)

30
Q

R ventricular dysfunction when pulmonary vascular resistance is elevated

A

cor pulmonale

31
Q

signs of car pulmonale

A

lower body edema, hepatomegaly, gallop rhythm, clubbing

32
Q

how to diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia

A

biopsy

33
Q

chylothorax electrolyte concentrations

A

TG >110, elevated lymphocytes, protein >3 (similar to serum)

34
Q

exudate LDH and protein

A

LDH at least 2/3 the concentration in the serum and protein at least 3

35
Q

transudate LDH and protein

A

less then 2/3 pleural LDH concentration and protein less than 3

36
Q

translates are usually seen in

A

CHF

37
Q

pH of exudate vs transudate

A

exudate pH <7.3

transudate >7.45

38
Q

permanent dilation of a small segment of airway with inflammation

A

bronchiectasis

39
Q

repeated lower respiratory infections with same area of atelectasis on CXR and coughing gets worse with changing positions

A

bronchiectasis

40
Q

diagnostic test for bronchiectasis

A

CT chest

41
Q

intrinsic/prenatal risk factors for SIDS

A

african American, male, prematurity, prenatal smoking/alcohol

42
Q

extrinsic/postnatal risk factors for SIDS

A

prone sleep, soft bedding, bed sharing, URI, maternal smoking

43
Q

pacifiers and SIDS

A

protective

44
Q

most common treatable form of pneumonia in preschool age

A

strep pneumo

45
Q

most common treatable form of pneumonia in school age

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

46
Q

necrotizing pneumonia treatment

A

vancomycin or clindamycin

47
Q

best diagnostic test to confirm dx of pneumonia seen on xray

A

blood culture

48
Q

diagnosis of 2 week old w/ inspiratory stridor that gets worse when they are upset

A

laryngomalacia

49
Q

syndrome with pulmonary venous blood returning to IVC

A

scimitar syndrome (congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome)

50
Q

croup aka

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

51
Q

diagnosis when waking up in the middle of the night with a barking cough and mild stridor but normal during the day

A

spasmodic croup (Likely 2/2 reflux)

52
Q

17 yr old hunter in Arkansas w/ LG fever, cough w/ occasional hemoptysis, weight loss, verrucous lesions on arm and upper lobes infiltrates w/ cavitary lesion on CXR

A

blastomycosis

53
Q

15 yr old w/ recurrent episodes of malaise, coughing up brown mucous plugs, some hemoptysis, peripheral eosinophilia, high IgE

A

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

54
Q

13 yr old w. sore throat negative for GAS and hoarseness that develops pneumonia 2 to 3 weeks later (biphasic illness)

A

chlamydia pneumoniae

55
Q

8 yr old with iron deficiency anemia, progressive dyspnea, fatigue, recurrent cough w/ new onset hemoptysis and sputum w/ hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages

A

idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH)

56
Q

18 yr old with hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia, new onset chronic kidney disease and biopsy w/ linear deposition of IgG and C3 on alveolar and glomerular basement membranes

A

good pasture syndrome (antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-BGM) antibody disease)

57
Q

spirometry values for moderate persistent asthma

A

FEV1 <60% but less than 80% predicted

58
Q

most common bacteria infection w/ influenza A

A

staph aureus

59
Q

most likely cause of abrupt onset of high fever, chills, chest pain w/ dyspnea and blood tinged sputum in 8 yr old

A

strep pneumo

BOARDS (24 decks)

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