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BOARDS > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

unlabored breathing with nonproductive cough and expiratory wheeze

A

foreign body

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2
Q

best test to confirm foreign body

A

airway fluoroscopy

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3
Q

recurrent wheezing that increases with feeding and neck flexion

A

vascular ring

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4
Q

best test to diagnose vascular ring

A

barium swallow study

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5
Q

hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy aka

A

clubbing of fingers

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6
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

difference >20 in BP between inspiration and expiration

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7
Q

chronic hypoxemia effect on kidneys

A

increased EPO so increased HCT and decreased platelets

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8
Q

chronic hypoxemia and respiratory drive

A

hypoxemia drives their respiratory drive so if you give them oxygen they may decompensate

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9
Q

best way to measure oxygenation with carbon monoxide poisoning

A

arterial blood gas (carboxyhemoglobin absorbs light the same as oxyhemoglobin so pulse ox won’t be accurate)

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10
Q

blood measurement for oxygenation

A

must be arterial (capillary is not accurate for oxygenation)

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11
Q

test to distinguish pulmonary vs cardiac cause of cyanosis

A

hyperoxia test (after 10 minutes of 100% O2 PaO2 would increase in pulmonary disease but not cardiac)

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12
Q

iron in methemoglobinemia

A

is in the oxidized ferric state (Fe3+) so that it can’t effectively unload oxygen to the tissues

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13
Q

best way to diagnose methemoglobinemia

A

cooximetry

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14
Q

common cause of methemoglobinemia in babies

A

topical anesthetics (benzocaine) for teething

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15
Q

methemoglobinemia treatment

A

remove exposure and/or IV methylene blue

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16
Q

pulse ox reading with methemoglobinemia

A

85% (methemoglobin absorbs both oxygenated and deoxygenated wavelengths)

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17
Q

loud brassy cough that is not present during sleep

A

psychogenic cough

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18
Q

FTT with low serum albumin, low sodium and pseudomonas infections

A

CF

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19
Q

diagnostic sweat test for CF

A

> 60 meq

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20
Q

odds of a healthy sibling of someone with CF being a carrier

A

2/3

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21
Q

carrier rate of CF in caucasian population

A

1/25

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22
Q

newborn screen and CF

A

only 95% sensitive

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23
Q

newborn with hypoproteinemia, anemia, hypochloremic alkalosis, recurrent pulmonary symptoms and steatorrhea

A

CF

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24
Q

which symptoms of CF are more prevalent in infants

A

GI more so than pulm (meconium ileum, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

25
vitamin supplementation in CF
vitamin D by 5 years old
26
coags in CF
prolonged PTT from vitamin K malabsorption
27
pseudocyst on xray in newborn
meconium peritonitis - think CF
28
bacteria with advanced CF that is associated with worsening lung function na poor overall outcome
burkholderia cepacia
29
treatment choice for acute pulmonary exacerbations with CF
aminoglycoside and penicillin derivative (ex: piperacillin)
30
R ventricular dysfunction when pulmonary vascular resistance is elevated
cor pulmonale
31
signs of car pulmonale
lower body edema, hepatomegaly, gallop rhythm, clubbing
32
how to diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia
biopsy
33
chylothorax electrolyte concentrations
TG >110, elevated lymphocytes, protein >3 (similar to serum)
34
exudate LDH and protein
LDH at least 2/3 the concentration in the serum and protein at least 3
35
transudate LDH and protein
less then 2/3 pleural LDH concentration and protein less than 3
36
translates are usually seen in
CHF
37
pH of exudate vs transudate
exudate pH <7.3 | transudate >7.45
38
permanent dilation of a small segment of airway with inflammation
bronchiectasis
39
repeated lower respiratory infections with same area of atelectasis on CXR and coughing gets worse with changing positions
bronchiectasis
40
diagnostic test for bronchiectasis
CT chest
41
intrinsic/prenatal risk factors for SIDS
african American, male, prematurity, prenatal smoking/alcohol
42
extrinsic/postnatal risk factors for SIDS
prone sleep, soft bedding, bed sharing, URI, maternal smoking
43
pacifiers and SIDS
protective
44
most common treatable form of pneumonia in preschool age
strep pneumo
45
most common treatable form of pneumonia in school age
mycoplasma pneumonia
46
necrotizing pneumonia treatment
vancomycin or clindamycin
47
best diagnostic test to confirm dx of pneumonia seen on xray
blood culture
48
diagnosis of 2 week old w/ inspiratory stridor that gets worse when they are upset
laryngomalacia
49
syndrome with pulmonary venous blood returning to IVC
scimitar syndrome (congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome)
50
croup aka
laryngotracheobronchitis
51
diagnosis when waking up in the middle of the night with a barking cough and mild stridor but normal during the day
spasmodic croup (Likely 2/2 reflux)
52
17 yr old hunter in Arkansas w/ LG fever, cough w/ occasional hemoptysis, weight loss, verrucous lesions on arm and upper lobes infiltrates w/ cavitary lesion on CXR
blastomycosis
53
15 yr old w/ recurrent episodes of malaise, coughing up brown mucous plugs, some hemoptysis, peripheral eosinophilia, high IgE
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
54
13 yr old w. sore throat negative for GAS and hoarseness that develops pneumonia 2 to 3 weeks later (biphasic illness)
chlamydia pneumoniae
55
8 yr old with iron deficiency anemia, progressive dyspnea, fatigue, recurrent cough w/ new onset hemoptysis and sputum w/ hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages
idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH)
56
18 yr old with hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia, new onset chronic kidney disease and biopsy w/ linear deposition of IgG and C3 on alveolar and glomerular basement membranes
good pasture syndrome (antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-BGM) antibody disease)
57
spirometry values for moderate persistent asthma
FEV1 <60% but less than 80% predicted
58
most common bacteria infection w/ influenza A
staph aureus
59
most likely cause of abrupt onset of high fever, chills, chest pain w/ dyspnea and blood tinged sputum in 8 yr old
strep pneumo

BOARDS (24 decks)

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