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BOARDS > Growth & Development/Nutrition > Flashcards

Growth & Development/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

birthweight doubles by

A

4 months

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2
Q

birthweight triples by

A

12 months

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3
Q

regain birthweight by

A

10 to 14 days

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4
Q

height increases 50% by

A

1 year

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5
Q

height doubles by

A

4 years

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6
Q

height triples by

A

13 years

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7
Q

growth rate during first year of life

A

20 cm/yr

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8
Q

normal head circumference at birth

A

35 cm

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9
Q

head growth in first 6 months

A

1 cm/month

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10
Q

head growth from 6 months to 1 year

A

1/2 cm/month

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11
Q

cause of weight drop followed by length but normal HC

A

inadequate caloric intake

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12
Q

cause of length decrease but normal weight

A

endocrine disorders

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13
Q

cause of weight and length dropping together

A

chronic medical conditions

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14
Q

conditions with separate growth charts

A

Downs, Turners, Williams

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15
Q

track and coo

A

2 months

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16
Q

brings toys to their mouth

A

4 months

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17
Q

transfer in hands

A

6 month

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18
Q

sit up

A

6 months

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19
Q

pointing

A

1 year

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20
Q

stack 2 to 3 cubes

A

18 months

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21
Q

stack 4 to 6 cubes

A

24 month

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22
Q

stack 8 cubes

A

36 month

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23
Q

walk upstairs alternating feet

A

3 years

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24
Q

identify opposites

A

4 years

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25
Q

draws a square

A

5 years

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26
Q

walks backwards

A

5 years

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27
Q

draws a circle

A

3 years

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28
Q

draws a cross

A

4 years

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29
Q

draws a triangle

A

6 years

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30
Q

draws a diamond

A

7 years

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31
Q

stuttering is normal up to age

A

3 or 4 (workup after preK)

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32
Q

early intervention for age

A

<3

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33
Q

structured development screening at age

A

9, 18 and 24 or 30 months

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34
Q

autism screening at age

A

18 and 24 months

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35
Q

normal weight gain per year from 2 years to adolescence

A

5 pounds/year

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36
Q

growth rate from 4 yrs to adolescence

A

2 inches/year

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37
Q

most common type of craniosynostosis

A

scaphocephaly aka dolichocephaly (premature closure of sagittal suture causing long and narrow head)

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38
Q

what age do you lose moro reflex

A

3 to 6 months

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39
Q

roll from front to back

A

4 month

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40
Q

roll from back to front

A

6 months

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41
Q

holds head to 90 degrees and lifts chest

A

4 months

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42
Q

sits with support

A

6 months

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43
Q

sits without support

A

7 months

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44
Q

metabolic syndrome and HDL

A

<40

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45
Q

metabolic syndrome and TG’s

A

> 110

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46
Q

metabolic syndrome and fasting glucose

A

> 110

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47
Q

metabolic syndrome and waist circumference

A

> 90th%ile

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48
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria

A

must have at least 3 of 6 (BMI, BP, waist circumference, TG, HDL, glucose)

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49
Q

BMI to consider bariatric surgery

A

> /= 120th%ile

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50
Q

can follow a one step command

A

15 months

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51
Q

can scribble

A

15 to 18 months

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52
Q

2 word sentences

A

18 months to 2 years

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53
Q

hops on one foot

A

4 years

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54
Q

follows rules of the game

A

6 years

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55
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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56
Q

retinol aka

A

vitamin A

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57
Q

tocopherol aka

A

vitamin E

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58
Q

phylloquinone aka

A

vitamin K

59
Q

thiamine aka

A

vitamin B1

60
Q

riboflavin aka

A

vitamin B2

61
Q

niacin aka

A

vitamin B3

62
Q

pantothenic acid aka

A

vitamin B5

63
Q

pyridoxine aka

A

vitamin B6

64
Q

folate aka

A

vitamin B9

65
Q

cyanocobalamin aka

A

vitamin B12

66
Q

ascorbic acid aka

A

vitamin c

67
Q

most common cause of blindness

A

vitamin A (retinol) deficiency

68
Q

vitamin A toxicity can cause

A

pseudotumor cerebri

69
Q

xerophthalmia and nyctalopia 2/2 to what deficiency

A

eye dryness and night blindness 2/2 vitamin A (retinol) deficiency

70
Q

vegetarian with a large tongue and macrocytic anemia 2/2 what deficiency

A

vitamin B9 (folate)

71
Q

vegetarian w/ macrocytic anemia and pernicious anemia due to decreased intrinsic factor is 2/2 what deficiency

A

vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

72
Q

leg tenderness, poor wound healing and bleeding gums 2/2 what deficiency

A

vitamin c (ascorbic acid)

73
Q

vitamin c toxicity can cause

A

oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis OR hemolytic crisis in G6PD deficiency

74
Q

hemolytic anemia in preemies 2/2 what deficiency

A

vitamin E (tocopherol)

75
Q

neuropathy, peripheral edema, thrombocytosis and muscle weakness 2/2 what deficiency

A 
vitamin E (tocopherol)
triple E - edema, erythrocyte explosion, elevated platelets
76
Q

vitamin E toxicity can cause

A

liver damage

77
Q

hemorrhagic disease of the newborn 2/2

A

vitamin K deficiency (phylloquinone)

78
Q

vitamin K dependent factors

A

factors 2, 7, 9 and 10

79
Q

ergocalciferol aka

A

vitamin D2 (2 c’s)

80
Q

cholecalciferol aka

A

vitamin D3 (3 c’s)

81
Q

calcidiol aka

A

25-hydroxy vitamin D

82
Q

25-hydroxy vitamin D is synthesized where

A

liver (1 hydroxy)

83
Q

1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol is synthesized where

A

kidneys (2 hydroxys)

84
Q

calcitriol aka

A

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

85
Q

calcitriol MOA

A

increases calcium absorption in the gut and released it into the blood to form bone (aka 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

86
Q

primary storage form of vitamin D to measure

A

25-hydroxy vitamin D

87
Q

vitamin D excess causes

A

hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia resulting in nausea, vomiting, weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, elevated BUN, nephrolithiasis (vitamin D and Diabetes can look similar)

88
Q

calorie requirement calculation

A

same as fluids - 100kcal/kg first 10 kg, 50 kcal/kg next 10 kg, 20 kcal/kg anymore kgs
(1500 kcal first 20 then 20kcal/kg)

89
Q

catch up growth for preemies should occur by when

A

2 years

90
Q

premature infant protein requirement

A

3.5 g/kg/day

91
Q

full term infant protein requirement

A

2-2.5 g/kg/day for the first 6 months

92
Q

essential fatty acid

A

linoleic acid

93
Q

recommended iron concentration in iron fortified formula

A

12 mg/L

94
Q

5 month old on iron fortified formula presents with constipation

A

add fruit juice to increase the osmotic load

95
Q

milk protein allergy formula

A

elemental formula (cross reactivity with soy)

96
Q

bloating and diarrhea after viral gastro 2/2

A

secondary lactase deficiency

97
Q

FPIES

A

food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome (severe milk protein intolerance, non IgE mediated)

98
Q

FPIES presentation

A

heme positive stools or hematochezia with a normal abdominal exam

99
Q

scaly dermatitis with alopecia and thrombocytopenia 2/2 what deficiency

A

essential fatty acid

100
Q

treatment for scaly dermatitis with alopecia and thrombocytopenia

A

IV lipids (especially linoleum acid)

101
Q

acrodermatitis enteropathica 2/2

A

zinc deficiency (dermatitis with alopecia)

102
Q

extensive eczematous eruption around mouth and anus and alopecia in baby recently weaned off of breast milk

A

zinc deficiency (breast milk helps zinc absorption)

103
Q

high tissue copper level with low serum copper and ceruloplasmin

A

Menke’s kinky hair syndrome

104
Q

jaundice and hepatomegaly with acute neurologic deterioration

A

Wilson’s disease 2/2 copper deposition in liver and brain

105
Q

Wilson’s disease diagnosis

A

livery biopsy (ceruloplasmin levels low but not diagnostic)

106
Q

preemies have increased requirement of vitamin

A

D (also need vitamin E supplementation to avoid hemolysis)

107
Q

preemie vs full term fat digestion

A

preemies have decreased bile acids so difficult to absorb long chain TGs and fat soluble vitamins sp meed more medium chain TGs in formula

108
Q

colostrum is high in

A

protein (high levels of immunoglobulins, IgA) low in ergo-cholecalciferol

109
Q

hind milk is high in

A

fat

110
Q

cow’s milk vs human milk if <1

A

cow’s is higher in phosphorus which results in hypocalcemia if given before 1 year

111
Q

contraindications to breast feed

A

antithyroid meds, HSV, HIV, TB, CMV, radioactive meds, chemo, errors of metabolism (PKU, urea cycle defect), flatly, diazepam, sulfonamides, tetracycline

112
Q

human vs cow’s milk whey:casein ratio

A

human has more whey (whey better)

113
Q

type of whey in human vs cow’s milk

A 
human = alpha lactalbumin
cow's = beta-lactalbumin
114
Q

protein concentration breast vs formula

A

more in formula

115
Q

minerals in breast vs formula

A

more in formula

116
Q

iron absorption in breast vs formula

A

better in breast (breast has less iron ant but better absorption)

117
Q

renal solute load in breast vs formula

A

higher in formula

118
Q

average weight gain per day in full term

A

20 to 30 g/day

119
Q

average weight gain per day in preemie

A

15 to 20 g/day

120
Q

preemie formula

A

24 kcal/oz, 60/40 whey:casein, MCT’s, more calcium and phosphorus

121
Q

overweight BMI

A

85-95

122
Q

obese BMI

A

> 95

123
Q

risk for what with lots of diet soda

A

osteopenia 2/2 high phosphorus in it

124
Q

goats milk = risk for

A

folate and B6 deficiency

125
Q

vegan = risk for

A

B12 deficiency

126
Q

pot belly, rash, pitting edema. thin hair, pallor

A

protein deficiency - kwashiorkor

127
Q

muscle wasting without edema and normal hair

A

marasmus - general nutritional deficiency

128
Q

general nutritional deficiency

A

marasmus

129
Q

protein malnutrition

A

kwashiorkor

130
Q

most common complication of NG feeds

A

diarrhea (2nd most common = reflux)

131
Q

most severe complication of NG feeds

A

vomiting with aspiration

132
Q

nutrition in renal disease

A

70% of calories should be carbs, lipids 20% and need low phosphorus

133
Q

vitamins essential to wound healing

A

C, A and zinc

134
Q

CF patients require

A

fat soluble vitamin supplements (A, D, E, K) - protein and fat malabsorption 2/2 pancreatic insufficiency

135
Q

burn patient nutrition

A

high carb diet because cannot use fat and increased amounts of calcium and magnesium

136
Q

vitamin that functions as a membrane bound antioxidant that inhibits free radical catalyzed lipid per oxidation and terminates radical chain reactions

A

vitamin E

137
Q

paraesthesias, foot and wrist drop, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion 2/2 what deficiency

A

vitamin B1 (thiamine) - beriberi

138
Q

wernicke encephalopathy

A

ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion 2/2 vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

139
Q

cheilosis and sore tongue 2/2 what deficiency

A

vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

140
Q

dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia 2/2 what deficiency

A

vitamin B3 (niacin)

141
Q

when to introduce a cup

A

6 to 9 months

142
Q

when should breastfed preterm infants start iron supplementation

A

1 month

143
Q

vitamin and mineral deficiency common in strict vegan diet

A

vitamin B12, iron, calcium and zinc

BOARDS (24 decks)

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