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BOARDS > MSK/Sports Med > Flashcards

MSK/Sports Med Flashcards

1
Q

power lifting in teens

A

risk for apophyseal avulsion fractures

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2
Q

no sports for how long after myocarditis

A

at least 6 months

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3
Q

no sports for how long after kawasaki

A

at least 8 weeks

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4
Q

heart findings that can be normal in an athletic teen

A

LVH and bradycardia

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5
Q

marfan syndrome sports restrictions

A

low collision only and no weight lifting (avoid muscle straining)`

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6
Q

murmur that gets louder with sitting or standing or murmur that appears with squatting

A

HOCM

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7
Q

kids with HOCM die from

A

arrhythmia (usually Vtach)

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8
Q

headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating with core temp <104

A

heat exhaustion

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9
Q

hot dry skin with confusion and core temperature >105

A

heat stroke

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10
Q

heat stroke causes end organ damage via

A

release of endotoxins and cytokines

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11
Q

distinction between heat stroke and heat exhaustion

A

heat stroke they are dry/not sweating and have CNS symptoms

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12
Q

children should drink how much when outdoors

A

3 to 8 oz every 20 minutes

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13
Q

minor stretching of the ligament

A

grade 1 sprain

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14
Q

ligaments are partially torn, tenderness, bruising and swelling present, some loss of function

A

grade 2 sprain

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15
Q

ligament is completely torn with significant pain, tenderness, bruising and loss of function

A

grade 3 sprain

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16
Q

most common ankle sprain type

A

anterior talofibular ligament

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17
Q

most common mechanism of ankle sprain

A

inversion injury causing lateral ligament damage

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18
Q

ankle sprain treatment

A

ice for 20 minutes at a time over the first 36 to 48 hours

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19
Q

compartment syndrome signs

A

pain, paresthesias, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness

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20
Q

next step for injury to leg with bruising, swelling, diminished sensation, good pulses

A

obtain compartment pressures

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21
Q

pain over lateral patella with deformity over medial

A

patella subluxation

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22
Q

management for patella subluxation

A

develop and maintain quad and hamstring strength

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23
Q

anterior knee pain with jumping, running or squatting

A

patellofemoral syndrome

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24
Q

how to diagnose patellofemoral syndrome

A

clinically (no X-rays)

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25
Q

anterior knee pain with visible swelling

A

prepatellar bursitis

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26
Q

pain over dorsum of hand near base of thumb

A

scaphoid fracture (pain at anatomical snuffbox)

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27
Q

trauma to the elbow must consider

A

neurovascular compromise

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28
Q

pain on passive extension of fingers after elbow injury

A

neurovascular compromise

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29
Q

posterior fat pad sign on lateral elbow xray

A

effusion associated with fracture (anterior fat pad is normal)

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30
Q

most common injury with falling on an outstretched arm that is hyperextended at the elbow

A

supracondylar fracture

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31
Q

most common injury with falling on an outstretched arm that is supinated and partially flexed at the elbow

A

dislocation of elbow

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32
Q

most common injury with direct impact causing lateral rotation of the arm

A

epiphyseal fracture

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33
Q

most common injury with falling back on a posteriorly rotated, abducted arm

A

anterior humoral dislocation

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34
Q

most common injury with pain over distal clavicle with a prominence

A

acromioclavicular injury

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35
Q

most common injury with direct force to the posterior shoulder with pain over the sternoclavicular joint and possible respiratory discomfort

A

posterior dternocalvicularv dislocation

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36
Q

most common injury with shoulder and upper arm pain without asymmetry

A

proximal humeral fracture

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37
Q

most common injury with chronic shoulder pain when moving arm, no deformity

A

rotator cuff injury

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38
Q

AC joint separation vs fracture

A

separation will happen if skeletally mature, palpable step off without crepitus

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39
Q

sport with highest risk for head injury

A

football

40
Q

sport with highest rate of neck injuries

A

football

41
Q

sport with highest rate of eye kinuries

A

baseball

42
Q

genu valgum

A

knock kneed (distal part of the leg points outward)

43
Q

genu varum

A

bow legged (distal part of the leg points inward)

44
Q

end of the long bone

A

metaphysis

45
Q

the rounded end of the long bone

A

epiphysis

46
Q

infantile blounts disease

A

bowing of legs. more common in african american. no treatment

47
Q

adolescent Blount’s disease

A

bowing of legs. usually overweight. more common in african American. treatment is bracing or surgery

48
Q

negative xray with tenderness at physis

A

type 1 salter Harris fracture

49
Q

type 1 SH fracture treatment

A

casting for 2 to 3 weeks

50
Q

piece of metaphysics splits as well as physis

A

type 2 SH fracture

51
Q

type 2 SH fracture treatment

A

closed reduction casting for 3 to 6 weeks

52
Q

through the growth plate and epiphysis

A

type 3 SH fracture

53
Q

type 3 SH fracture treatment

A

may require open reduction

54
Q

fall on outstretched arm with cortical break on one side and intact periosteum on the other

A

greenstick fracture

55
Q

most common form of OI

A

type 1

56
Q

major feature of OI type 1

A

conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

57
Q

OI type 1

A

fracture in preschool years, normal lifespan, normal height, hearing loss

58
Q

most severe type of OI

A

type 2

59
Q

OI type 3

A

progressively deforming type, born with fractures and progress, born with blue/grey sclera that lighten over time, macrocephalic and short stature, dentinogenesis imperfecta

60
Q

OI type 4

A

like type 1 but sclera are white

61
Q

paroxysmal torticollis

A

migraine variant lasting minutes at a time

62
Q

congenital torticollis can be associated with

A

hip dysplasia

63
Q

syndrome with fusion of cerival vertebrae with short neck and low occipital hairline

A

klippel-feil syndrome

64
Q

failure of scapula to descend to normal position during fetal development

A

sprengel deformity - mimics torticollis

65
Q

risk factors for DDH

A

breech, family history, female, first born. oligohydramnios

66
Q

knees adducted with downward pressure to dislocate hip

A

barlow

67
Q

movement to attempt to relocated a dislocated femoral head

A

ortolani

68
Q

ortolani and Barlow only reliable up to

A

3 months

69
Q

sign of DDH after 3 months

A

limited hip abduction, unequal knee height (galeazzi sign), asymmetric gluteal folds

70
Q

diagnosis of DDH

A

real time US with manipulation if first 4 months, pelvic xray if after

71
Q

DDH treatment

A

pavlik harness (hips held in abduction, flexion and external rotation)

72
Q

knee pain in overweight adolescent

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

73
Q

7 year old with waddling gait and limp

A

legg-calve perthes

74
Q

vague joint aches after MMR

A

post infectious arthritis from rubella component

75
Q

treatment for septic joint with sickle cell

A

cefotaxime to cover Staph and salmonella

76
Q

most common cause of acute hematogenous osteoporosis in all ages

A

staph aureus

77
Q

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

legg-calve-perthes

78
Q

xray with one femoral head smaller than the other

A

legg-calve-perthes

79
Q

teen w/ limp and knee pain, leg held extended and externally rotated

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

80
Q

ice cream scoop falling off of cone on xray

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

81
Q

pain at the insertion of the patellar tendon at the anterior tibial tubercle

A

osgood-schlatter

82
Q

heel pain in athlete is likely

A

sever’s syndrome (calcaneal apophysitis)

83
Q

unicameral and simple bone cysts are found where

A

proximal humerus or femur - fluid filled cysts that are benign and usually asymptomatic, found on xray

84
Q

aneurysmal bone cysts are found where

A

tibia or femur - painful and can be associated with underlying bone tumors

85
Q

stretchy skin, hyper mobile joints and poor wound healing

A

ehler’s danlos

86
Q

must also do what screenings with congenital scoliosis

A

renal US and cardiac echo

87
Q

how quickly does idiopathic scoliosis tend to progress

A

1 degree per month during growth spurt until skeletal maturity

88
Q

management for idiopathic scoliosis with <25 degree curve

A

observation

89
Q

management for idiopathic scoliosis with 25-40 degree curve and more than 2 years of growth expected

A

bracing

90
Q

management for idiopathic scoliosis with >40 degree curve

A

surgery

91
Q

normal thoracic curve in sagittal plane

A

20 to 40 degrees

92
Q

kyphosis defintion

A

> 60 degree curve of thoracic spine in the sagittal plane (side view)

93
Q

bad posture, kyphosis and back pain in a teenager

A

scheuermann disease

94
Q

toe walking is an issue if persists past

A

2 to 3 years

95
Q

causes of intoeing

A
  1. metatarsus adduction in infancy
  2. tibial torsion in toddlerhood (resolves spontaneously)
  3. femoral anteversion in early childhood (resolves spontaneously)
96
Q

nighttime pain that responds to NSAIDs, xray w/ sharp round lesion 1 cm in diameter

A

osteoid osteoma

BOARDS (24 decks)

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