Behavioral/Ingestions Flashcards
1
Q
normal crying pattern from birth to 6 weeks
A
up to 2 hrs per day
2
Q
normal crying pattern from 6 weeks and beyond
A
3 hrs per day
3
Q
colic definition
A
crying more than 3 hrs per day more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks between 3 weeks and 3 months of age
4
Q
increased incidence of breath holding spells with
A
anemia
5
Q
extinction burst
A
behavior initially worsens when ignoring (extinction)
6
Q
length of time out
A
1 minute per year old
7
Q
head banging can be normal if
A
<4 years
8
Q
biting can be normal up to
A
age 3
9
Q
when to start active measure against thumb sucking
A
4 years
10
Q
phobia defintion
A
excessive anxiety that interferes with daily function for at least 6 months
11
Q
phobia treatment
A
desensitization w/ gradual controlled exposure OR cognitive behavioral techniques to reframe triggers
12
Q
ADHD must be present before age
A
12
13
Q
ADHD-hyperactive is more common in
A
males
14
Q
ADHD-inattentive is more common in
A
females
15
Q
areas of brain less activated in ADHD
A
dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways
16
Q
absence seizures can be induced by
A
hyperventilation
17
Q
must rule out these first before diagnosing ADHD
A
visual or hearing deficit, lead toxicity, thyroid, neurological damage (infection/trauma), medications )phenobarbital or antihistamines)
18
Q
stimulants can increase serum concentration of what meds
A
TCAs and seizure meds
19
Q
first line treatment for depression
A
fluoxetine (prozac)
20
Q
must monitor what if on amitriptyline
A
EKG, BP, CBC
21
Q
amitriptyline weird side effect
A
blue/green urine
22
Q
self harming behavior is most common in
A
females
23
Q
75% of kids are toilet trained by
A
36 months
24
Q
primary nocturnal enuresis
A
children 5 or older that has never been dry for 6 consecutive months
25
treatment for nocturnal enuresis
behavior modification and bedwetting alarms
26
establish a day/night schedule by
2 months
27
can sleep through the night by
4 months
28
hours a 1 yr old should sleep
13 to 14 hours per day
29
sleep training should occur when
4 to 6 months - cry it out
30
occur during the firs third of the night and they don't remember them once awake
night terror
31
occurs during the last third of the night, can awake easily and will recall it
nightmare
32
nightmares occur during what stage of sleep
REM (last third of the night)
33
mineral deficiency associated with trichotillomania
iron deficiency
34
stages of grief for adolescent after death of close family member
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
35
how to manage a hypertensive and hyperthermic adolescent after meth
cooling blankets and benzodiazepine
36
exam findings after huffing
hypotension, cutaneous flushing followed by vasoconstriction, tachycardia w/ inverted T waves and ST depression
37
dizzy, dilated pupils, hallucinations and delusions
LSD
38
ataxia, euphoria, abusive language and thrashing bc tanks people are trying to get them
PCP
39
1st sign of opioid withdrawal
yawning
40
treatment for maladaptive behaviors (tantrums, aggression, etc) in autism
risperidone
41
what type of sleep occurs at the onset of sleep in infants
REM
42
psychosomatic disorder involving the loss of motor or sensory function without a medical cause
conversion disorder
43
physical complaint with no medical origin
psychosomatic disorder
44
how soon after foster care placement is the initial health screening needed
within 72 hours
45
most common OCD ritual in children
hand washing/cleaning
46
most commonly abused substance in teens
alcohol
47
symptoms of abrupt smoking cessation
irritability, sleep disturbance, increased appetite, anxiety, restlessness
48
munchausen by proxy aka
factitious disorder
49
Tourette syndrome diagnosis
multiple motor and vocal tics present for at least 1 year with no tic free interval longer than 3 months and prior to age 18
50
autism diagnosis
impaired social communications/interactions AND repetitive/restrictive/stereotypic behaviors
51
most common fatal complication of inhalants
cardiac arrhythmia
52
toxicity with gasoline sniffing
lead toxicity
53
how to monitor discontinuation of THC
urine THC:creatinine ratio
54
treatment for high blood pressure and agitation with overdose of amphetamine
benzodiazepine
55
barbiturate vs opioid overdose
normal pupil size w/ barbiturates
56
ingestion with anasarca and asymmetric pupils
PCP
57
most common cause of preventable intellectual disability
hypothyroidism
58
most common inherited disorder known to cause intellectual disability
fragile x
59
most common teratogen to cause intellectual disability
alcohol
60
mild intellectual disability IQ score
55-70
61
moderate intellectual disability IQ score
40-55
62
severe intellectual disability IQ score
25-40
63
profound intellectual disability IQ score
<25
64
may have normal language development until when even with hearing loss
6 to 9 months (will babble)
65
dyslexia is normal up until what age
7 years
66
what to not use charcoal for
```
CALM
Cyanide
Alcohol
Lithium
Metals
```
67
most important indicator for acetaminophen toxicity
level at 4 to 10 hours post ingestion
68
what amount of Tylenol ingestion to start NAC prior to levels
140mg/kg
69
if less than 4 hours from Tylenol ingestion give
activated charcoal
70
wintergreen odor on breath think
salicylate
71
salicylate overdose treatment
activated charcoal initially and sodium bicarb to alkalinize the urine and correct the metabolic acidosis
72
common in salicylate toxicity
fever
73
cause of metabolic acidosis in salicylate toxicity
respiratory alkalosis and buildup of organic acids from salicylate action in cells
74
blurred/snowfield vision and edema of the optic disk
methanol toxicity
75
methanol is found in
windshield washer fluid, cooking fuel, perfume and anitfreeze
76
methanol is broken down into
formic acid and formaldehyde
77
methanol ingestion treatment
ethanol to slow conversion to formaldehyde (acts as alcohol dehydrogenase antagonist) AND sodium bicarb to counteract formic acid
78
organophosphate MOA
inhibits acetylcholinesterase causing acetylcholine overload
79
muscarinic effects of organophosphates
salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, wheezing, bradycardia
80
muscarinic treatment from organophosphates
atropine
81
nicotinic effects of organophosphates
neuromuscular - weakness, paralysis, fasciculations
82
nicotinic treatment form organophosphates
pralidoxime
83
TCA overdose presentation
anticholinergic
84
TCA overdose initial treatment
activated charcoal
85
TCA widening of QRS treatment
sodium bicarb until QRS <100
86
hydrocarbon examples
gasoline, kerosene, lighter fluid
87
management of asymptomatic patient w/ hydrocarbon ingestion
observe for 6 hours
88
hypoxemia and diffuse bilateral infiltrates after ingestion of what
hydrocarbons
89
carbon monoxide poisoning treatment
high flow oxygen through nonrebreather (despite spO2 bc doesn't distinguish between carboxyhemoglobin and oxygenated hemoglobin)
90
poisoning that presents similar to CO but does not improve with oxygen
cyanide
91
smell of almonds associated with what poisoning
cyanide
92
cyanide poisoning treatment
hydroxocobalamin OR sodium thiosulfate
93
ingestion with crystals in urine
ethylene glycol
94
lead levels that require chelation
>70 mcg/dL
95
what is considered a toxic ingestion of iron
40 mg/kg
96
severe iron ingestion lab findings
serum iron >150, WBC <15K, glucose >150
97
iron chelation treatment
deferoxamine
98
clinical finding of iron toxicity
urine is pink
99
lab finding with lead toxicity
microcytic anemia
100
smallpox vs varicella
smallpox starts on the face and extremities, varicella starts centrally
101
pruritic papule that progresses to a central bulls lesion that becomes necrotic and forms a central black painless eschar
anthrax
102
location of coins that need removed ASAP
proximal esophagus
103
coins in mid to lower esophagus management
monitor for 12 to 24 hours and if no movement then endoscopy
104
coin in the stomach management
observe passage
105
coin that is forward facing on PA and side on lateral is where
esophagus
106
coin that is lateral on PA film is where
trachea
