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BOARDS > Allergy & Immunology > Flashcards

Allergy & Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

one parent with atopy = __% risk for atopic disease

A

50%

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2
Q

two parents with atopy = ___% risk for atopic disease

A

70%

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3
Q

asthma is more common in

A

boys, African American and hispanic

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4
Q

CXR w/ asthma

A

peribronchial cuffing

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5
Q

side effects of beta agonist

A

tachycardia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia

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6
Q

low CO2 with asthma reflects

A

tachypnea

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7
Q

high CO2 with asthma reflects

A

retention and fatigue

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8
Q

risk factors for asthma persisting into adulthood

A

onset before age 3, IgE elevation, parental history, atopic dermatitis

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9
Q

poorly controlled asthma indicators

A

rule of 2’s - symptoms >2x/wk, waking up >2x/mo, albuterol >2x/wk, steroids >2x/yr

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10
Q

type 1 allergic reaction

A

IgE mediated, anaphylaxis

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11
Q

type 2 allergic reaction

A

antibody mediated

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12
Q

type 3 allergic reaction

A

immune complex/arthrus

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13
Q

type 4 allergic reaction

A

delayed hypersensitivity, poison ivy

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14
Q

antibiotic that can be skin tested

A

penicillin

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15
Q

false negative skin tests

A

with antihistamine or antidepressant use

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16
Q

first line treatment for allergic rhinitis

A

nasal steroids

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17
Q

rhinitis medicamentosa

A

rebound nasal congestion from adrenergic nose drops

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18
Q

foods to avoid with latex allergy

A

avocado, banana, chestnut, fig, kiwi, peach, tomato

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19
Q

what allergies are usually outgrown by 5 yrs

A

milk, egg and soy

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20
Q

epinephrine dose for anaphylaxis

A

0.01 mg/kg of 1:1,000 IM every 15 minutes

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21
Q

most common cause of chronic urticaria

A

food

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22
Q

chronic urticaria must last for ___

A

> 6 weeks

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23
Q

long term treatment of chronic urticaria

A

2nd or 3rd generation antihistamine (Claritin, Zyrtec, allegra)

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24
Q

discoloration of conjunctivae with frequent sinus infections and developmental regression

A

ataxia telangiectasia

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25
ataxia telangiectasia pattern of inheritance
autosomal recessive
26
opportunistic infections
candida, CMV, PCP (common when defect in T-lymphocytes)
27
what causes DiGeorge
deletion on long arm of chromosome 22
28
DiGeorge mnemonic
CATCH-22 - cardiac defects, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia
29
treatment for DiGeorge
thymic transplantation
30
SCID cause
absence of lymphocytes (B and T cells)
31
SCID cure
bone marrow transplant
32
Wiskott- Aldrich pattern of inheritance
x-linked
33
wiskott-aldrich triad
eczema, thrombocytopenia, cellular immunodeficiency
34
wiskott aldrich vs ITP
WAS has small platelets
35
most common cause of death in wiskott aldrich
lymphoma
36
most common primary immunodeficiency
selective IgA deficiency (they don't get IVIG bc small amount of IgA in it)
37
x linked agammaglobulinemia primarily affects ___
B cells (therefore low Ig levels, small lymphoid tissues and small spleen
38
brutons x-linked agammaglobulinemia treatment
IVIG
39
most common clinically significant antibody deficiency
common variable immunodeficiency
40
CVID is often associated with ___
autoimmune diseases
41
increased risk of what with CVID
EBV associated lymphoma
42
treatment for CVID
IVIG
43
cause of x-linked hyper IgM syndrome
disruption of B cell differentiation
44
hallmark finding of hyper IgM syndrome
lymphoid hypertrophy
45
hyper IgM syndrome treatment
IVIG
46
job syndrome aka
hyper IgE
47
hyper IgE presentation
eczema, eosinophilia, elevated IgE w/ recurrent sinopulmonary infections, skeletal abnormalities, abnormal facies
48
common culprit of infections w/ hyper IgE
staph aureus
49
hyper IgE treatment
antibiotics and steroids
50
problem in chronic granulomatous disease
disorder of phagocyte function, cannot undergo respiratory burst needed to kill bacteria and fungi
51
diagnostic test for chronic granulomatous disease
nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test
52
prophylaxis for chronic granulomatous disease
bactrim and itraconazole
53
leukocyte adhesion deficiency defect
chemotaxis
54
WBC in LAD
high
55
common presentation of LAD
perirectal abscess or omphalitis without pus, delayed wound healing, delayed umbilical cord separation
56
WBCs in chediak higashi syndrome
have lysosomal granules and abnormal chemotaxis
57
symptoms of chediak higashi syndrome
easy bruisability and oculocutaneous albinism
58
most common pathogens in chediak higashi syndrome
staph, strep and pneumococcus
59
chediak higashi mode of inheritance
autosomal recessive
60
diagnosis of chediak higashi syndrome
giant granules in neutrophils on blood smear
61
deficiency in C1-C4 results in
recurrent sinopulmonary infections from encapsulated bacteria
62
deficiency in C5-C9 results in
recurrent Neisseria infections and increased risk of meningitis
63
complement deficiency inheritance
autosomal recessive
64
screening for complement disorders
CH50 assay
65
nitro blue tetrazolium tests
neutrophil activity (normal = blue, gray = chronic granulomatous disease)
66
CH50 tests
complement
67
which cells defend against viruses and neoplastic cells
CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic)
68
what vaccines are contraindicated in SCID
live (rotavirus, MMR, oral polio, varicella)
69
difficulty walking, elevated alpha1 fetoprotein and chronic sinus infections
ataxia telangiectasia
70
most common complement deficiency in North American caucasians
C2 deficiency (increased risk of rheumatoid disease with it)
71
screening test for hereditary angioedema
C4 levels
72
cause of hereditary angioedema
defect in C1 inhibitor enzyme
73
reaction that occurs when immune complexes are not cleared by innate immunity accumulate and cause an inflammatory response
type 3 hypersensitivity
74
diagnosis of child on penicillin for first time gets rash, myalgia and nausea 8 days after starting it
serum sickness
75
first antibody produced in response to infection
IgM
76
which antibody is in secretions
IgA
77
deficiency in DNA ligase 1
bloom syndrome
78
x linked lymphoproliferative disease aka
Duncan syndrome
79
Duncan syndrome susceptible to fatal infections from ___
EBV
80
recurrent organ and skin abscesses with staph, serrattia, burkholderia and aspergillus
chronic granulomatous disease
81
spina bifida = increased risk of allergy to ___
latex
82
congenital urogenital problem = increased risk of allergy to ___
latex
83
what can prevent/delay atopic dermatitis in early childhood
breastfeeding for at least 4 months

BOARDS (24 decks)

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