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BOARDS > Allergy & Immunology > Flashcards

Allergy & Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

one parent with atopy = __% risk for atopic disease

A

50%

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2
Q

two parents with atopy = ___% risk for atopic disease

A

70%

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3
Q

asthma is more common in

A

boys, African American and hispanic

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4
Q

CXR w/ asthma

A

peribronchial cuffing

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5
Q

side effects of beta agonist

A

tachycardia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia

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6
Q

low CO2 with asthma reflects

A

tachypnea

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7
Q

high CO2 with asthma reflects

A

retention and fatigue

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8
Q

risk factors for asthma persisting into adulthood

A

onset before age 3, IgE elevation, parental history, atopic dermatitis

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9
Q

poorly controlled asthma indicators

A

rule of 2’s - symptoms >2x/wk, waking up >2x/mo, albuterol >2x/wk, steroids >2x/yr

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10
Q

type 1 allergic reaction

A

IgE mediated, anaphylaxis

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11
Q

type 2 allergic reaction

A

antibody mediated

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12
Q

type 3 allergic reaction

A

immune complex/arthrus

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13
Q

type 4 allergic reaction

A

delayed hypersensitivity, poison ivy

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14
Q

antibiotic that can be skin tested

A

penicillin

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15
Q

false negative skin tests

A

with antihistamine or antidepressant use

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16
Q

first line treatment for allergic rhinitis

A

nasal steroids

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17
Q

rhinitis medicamentosa

A

rebound nasal congestion from adrenergic nose drops

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18
Q

foods to avoid with latex allergy

A

avocado, banana, chestnut, fig, kiwi, peach, tomato

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19
Q

what allergies are usually outgrown by 5 yrs

A

milk, egg and soy

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20
Q

epinephrine dose for anaphylaxis

A

0.01 mg/kg of 1:1,000 IM every 15 minutes

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21
Q

most common cause of chronic urticaria

A

food

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22
Q

chronic urticaria must last for ___

A

> 6 weeks

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23
Q

long term treatment of chronic urticaria

A

2nd or 3rd generation antihistamine (Claritin, Zyrtec, allegra)

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24
Q

discoloration of conjunctivae with frequent sinus infections and developmental regression

A

ataxia telangiectasia

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25
Q

ataxia telangiectasia pattern of inheritance

A

autosomal recessive

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26
Q

opportunistic infections

A

candida, CMV, PCP (common when defect in T-lymphocytes)

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27
Q

what causes DiGeorge

A

deletion on long arm of chromosome 22

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28
Q

DiGeorge mnemonic

A

CATCH-22 - cardiac defects, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia

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29
Q

treatment for DiGeorge

A

thymic transplantation

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30
Q

SCID cause

A

absence of lymphocytes (B and T cells)

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31
Q

SCID cure

A

bone marrow transplant

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32
Q

Wiskott- Aldrich pattern of inheritance

A

x-linked

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33
Q

wiskott-aldrich triad

A

eczema, thrombocytopenia, cellular immunodeficiency

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34
Q

wiskott aldrich vs ITP

A

WAS has small platelets

35
Q

most common cause of death in wiskott aldrich

A

lymphoma

36
Q

most common primary immunodeficiency

A

selective IgA deficiency (they don’t get IVIG bc small amount of IgA in it)

37
Q

x linked agammaglobulinemia primarily affects ___

A

B cells (therefore low Ig levels, small lymphoid tissues and small spleen

38
Q

brutons x-linked agammaglobulinemia treatment

A

IVIG

39
Q

most common clinically significant antibody deficiency

A

common variable immunodeficiency

40
Q

CVID is often associated with ___

A

autoimmune diseases

41
Q

increased risk of what with CVID

A

EBV associated lymphoma

42
Q

treatment for CVID

A

IVIG

43
Q

cause of x-linked hyper IgM syndrome

A

disruption of B cell differentiation

44
Q

hallmark finding of hyper IgM syndrome

A

lymphoid hypertrophy

45
Q

hyper IgM syndrome treatment

A

IVIG

46
Q

job syndrome aka

A

hyper IgE

47
Q

hyper IgE presentation

A

eczema, eosinophilia, elevated IgE w/ recurrent sinopulmonary infections, skeletal abnormalities, abnormal facies

48
Q

common culprit of infections w/ hyper IgE

A

staph aureus

49
Q

hyper IgE treatment

A

antibiotics and steroids

50
Q

problem in chronic granulomatous disease

A

disorder of phagocyte function, cannot undergo respiratory burst needed to kill bacteria and fungi

51
Q

diagnostic test for chronic granulomatous disease

A

nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test

52
Q

prophylaxis for chronic granulomatous disease

A

bactrim and itraconazole

53
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiency defect

A

chemotaxis

54
Q

WBC in LAD

A

high

55
Q

common presentation of LAD

A

perirectal abscess or omphalitis without pus, delayed wound healing, delayed umbilical cord separation

56
Q

WBCs in chediak higashi syndrome

A

have lysosomal granules and abnormal chemotaxis

57
Q

symptoms of chediak higashi syndrome

A

easy bruisability and oculocutaneous albinism

58
Q

most common pathogens in chediak higashi syndrome

A

staph, strep and pneumococcus

59
Q

chediak higashi mode of inheritance

A

autosomal recessive

60
Q

diagnosis of chediak higashi syndrome

A

giant granules in neutrophils on blood smear

61
Q

deficiency in C1-C4 results in

A

recurrent sinopulmonary infections from encapsulated bacteria

62
Q

deficiency in C5-C9 results in

A

recurrent Neisseria infections and increased risk of meningitis

63
Q

complement deficiency inheritance

A

autosomal recessive

64
Q

screening for complement disorders

A

CH50 assay

65
Q

nitro blue tetrazolium tests

A

neutrophil activity (normal = blue, gray = chronic granulomatous disease)

66
Q

CH50 tests

A

complement

67
Q

which cells defend against viruses and neoplastic cells

A

CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic)

68
Q

what vaccines are contraindicated in SCID

A

live (rotavirus, MMR, oral polio, varicella)

69
Q

difficulty walking, elevated alpha1 fetoprotein and chronic sinus infections

A

ataxia telangiectasia

70
Q

most common complement deficiency in North American caucasians

A

C2 deficiency (increased risk of rheumatoid disease with it)

71
Q

screening test for hereditary angioedema

A

C4 levels

72
Q

cause of hereditary angioedema

A

defect in C1 inhibitor enzyme

73
Q

reaction that occurs when immune complexes are not cleared by innate immunity accumulate and cause an inflammatory response

A

type 3 hypersensitivity

74
Q

diagnosis of child on penicillin for first time gets rash, myalgia and nausea 8 days after starting it

A

serum sickness

75
Q

first antibody produced in response to infection

A

IgM

76
Q

which antibody is in secretions

A

IgA

77
Q

deficiency in DNA ligase 1

A

bloom syndrome

78
Q

x linked lymphoproliferative disease aka

A

Duncan syndrome

79
Q

Duncan syndrome susceptible to fatal infections from ___

A

EBV

80
Q

recurrent organ and skin abscesses with staph, serrattia, burkholderia and aspergillus

A

chronic granulomatous disease

81
Q

spina bifida = increased risk of allergy to ___

A

latex

82
Q

congenital urogenital problem = increased risk of allergy to ___

A

latex

83
Q

what can prevent/delay atopic dermatitis in early childhood

A

breastfeeding for at least 4 months

BOARDS (24 decks)

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