Public Health Flashcards
Answer: Hepatitis B
Answer: Convince the patient through logical debate
The guiding principles of motivational interviewing are to resist the righting reflex, understand the patient’s own motivations, listen with empathy and empower the patient. It’s important to avoid argument, accept the answers given, attempt to create discrepancy between answers given (e.g. the patient doesn’t want to give up smoking, but does want to be able to run a marathon with his son), and roll with any resistance that arises. The aim is for the patient to arrive at a motivation to change their behaviour themselves. It’s important resist the “righting reflex” - the tendency for health professionals to advise patients about the right path for good health.
Answer: City dwellers
Drug use crosses age, gender and socioeconomic status. However, there are increased rates of drug use in Australia among some groups. Risk factors include: being male, being young (18-29), social disadvantage (poverty, homelessness, unemployment), early school leavers, and availability of drugs. Some groups are at higher risk of drug use: Indigenous Australians, people with mental health problems, GLBTIQQ, and certain youth subcultures.
Answer: Sensitivity would decrease, specificity would increase
In order to diagnose a patient with rheumatic fever, two major components must be positive. If these criteria were to change to three major components, then one would expect to find less number of patients who have all the three requirements in order to be diagnosed (e.g. it is more likely to have two symptoms then three symptoms). Therefore the new criteria would be more specific and less sensitive.
Answer: Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)
Answer: All of the above without Varicella vaccine
Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis
Answer: R0>1
Answer: 99.7%
FP
b = (a + b) - a
FP = Total Positives-TP
FP = 162-159
FP = 3
FN
c = (c + d) - d
FN = Total Negatives-TN
FN = 1338-1302
FN = 36
Specificity = d / (b + d) Specificity = TN / (FP + TN) Specificity = 1302 / (3 + 1302) Specificity = 1302 / 1305 Specificity = 0.997 = 99.7%
Answer: Diabetes and chronic kidney conditions (including haemodialysis)
Answer: HPV
Answer: Benzathine penicillin G
Answer: 2 or more
Answer: 81.5%
Answer: the pooled plasma of blood donors
Answer: Biological gradient
Answer: Building healthy public policy
Answer: Hib vaccine is an example of a conjugated vaccine, which involves conjugation of a bacterial polysaccharide to a carrier protein
Answer: reducing Group A Streptococci (GAS) transmission, acquisition, colonisation and carriage, or treating GAS infection effectively to prevent the development of ARF in individuals
Answer: MMR
Answer: Infection with another species of Mycobacteria
Answer: Roizen’s model
Answer: Measles
Measles has a basic reproduction number of 12-18. The next most infectious pathogen is diphtheria.
Answer: Anterolateral aspect of the thigh and deltoid area of the upper arm
