Ophthalmology

Question 1

Which lesion of the visual pathway produces the following visual field defect?

Answer 1

Answer: Lesion shown by pin 9

Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Question 2

Answer 2

Answer: Lateral geniculate nucleus and optic chiasm

Question 3

Answer 3

Answer: Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 4

Answer 4

Answer: Lesion shown by pin 1

Question 5

Answer 5

= A

Question 6

Answer 6

Answer: Eye moves down and out and pupillary dilation

Question 7

Answer 7

Answer: Bitemporal hemianopia

Bitemporal hemianopia (loss of the outer half of both visual fields) is often due to compression of the optic chiasm (e.g. by a pituitary adenoma).

Question 8

Answer 8

Answer: Optic disc

Question 9

Answer 9

Answer: Lesion shown by pin 3

Question 10

Answer 10

Answer: Iris

Question 11

Answer 11

Answer: Fourth nerve palsy

Question 12

Answer 12

Answer: The vitreous chamber

The vitreous chamber contains vitreous fluid, while the anterior and posterior chambers contain aqueous fluid.

Question 13

Answer 13

Answer: Sclera

Question 14

Answer 14

Answer: Elevation, intorsion, adduction

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Answer: Lesion shown by pin 1

Central scotoma caused by inflammation of the optic disc (optic neuritis) and optic nerve (retrobulbar neuritis),

Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis.

Question 17

Answer 17

Answer: Choroid

Question 18

Answer 18

Answer: Lesion shown by pin 4

Question 19

Answer 19

Answer: Pituitary tumour

Pituitary tumours compress the optic chiasma and cause bitemporal hemianopia.

Question 20

Answer 20

= A

Question 21

Answer 21

Answer: Ciliary body

Question 22

Answer 22

Answer: Elevation, extorsion, abduction.

Question 23

Answer 23

Answer: Optic tract

Question 24

Answer 24

= C

Question 25

Answer 25

**Answer: Pupil**

Question 26

Answer 26

**Answer: Sixth nerve palsy**

Question 27

Answer 27

**Answer: Cornea**

Question 28

Answer 28

**Answer: Sixth nerve palsy**

Question 29

Answer 29

**Answer: oculomotor nerve**

Question 30

Answer 30

**Answer: convex : focal point**

Question 30

Answer 30

**Answer: Rubeosis iridis**

Question 31

Answer 31

**Answer: b-blocker eye drops**

Question 32

Answer 32

**Answer: The aqueous humor**

Question 33

Answer 33

**Answer: Posterior bundle of the right optic radiation**

Question 34

Answer 34

**Answer: Accommodation**

Question 35

Answer 35

**Answer: Presbyopia**

Question 36

Answer 36

**Answer: Middle portion of the right calcarine sulcus** ## Footnote The calcarine sulcus (or calcarine fissure) is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain. The calcarine sulcus is where the primary visual cortex is concentrated.

Question 37

Answer 37

**Answer: flat : distant**

Question 38

Answer 38

**Answer: Pupillary constriction and an increase in the refractive power of the lens**

Question 39

Answer 39

**Answer: Bitemporal hemianopia**

Question 40

Answer 40

**Answer: Cornea**

Question 41

Answer 41

**Answer: Third nerve palsy**

Question 42

Answer 42

**Answer: Retina**

Question 43

Answer 43

**Answer: The parasympathetic nervous system**

Question 44

Answer 44

**Answer: Right optic nerve**

Question 45

Answer 45

**Answer: Myopia**

Question 46

Answer 46

**Answer: Lens**

Question 47

Answer 47

**Answer: produced by the epithelium of the ciliary body - \> posterior chamber - \> flows through the pupil - \> anterior chamber - \> drained into the canal of Schlemm** ## Footnote Aqueous humor is produced by the epithelium of the ciliary body. It is secreted into the posterior chamber, from which it flows through the pupil to enter the anterior chamber. The aqueous humor is drained into the canal of Schlemm, which is a venous sinus found near the limbus.

Question 48

Answer 48

**Answer: Ciliary processes**

Question 49

Answer 49

**Answer: Fourth nerve palsy**

Question 50

Answer 50

**Answer: Fovea centralis**

Question 51

Answer 51

**Answer: round : close**

Question 52

Answer 52

**Answer: Astigmatism : hardening of the lens**

Question 53

Answer 53

**Answer: Suspensory ligamnet**

Question 54

Answer 54

**Answer: Meyer's loop**

Question 55

Answer 55

**Answer: sympathetic : dilation**

Question 56

Answer 56

**Answer: Its afferent nerve is the optic (CN II) and its efferent nerve is the oculomotor (CN III)**

Question 57

Answer 57

**Answer: The iris**

Question 58

Answer 58

**Answer: Left ophthalmic nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)**

Question 59

Answer 59

**Answer: parasympathetic : constriction**