Ophthalmology Flashcards
Which lesion of the visual pathway produces the following visual field defect?
Answer: Lesion shown by pin 9
Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
Answer: Lateral geniculate nucleus and optic chiasm
Answer: Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
Answer: Lesion shown by pin 1
= A
Answer: Eye moves down and out and pupillary dilation
Answer: Bitemporal hemianopia
Bitemporal hemianopia (loss of the outer half of both visual fields) is often due to compression of the optic chiasm (e.g. by a pituitary adenoma).
Answer: Optic disc
Answer: Lesion shown by pin 3
Answer: Iris
Answer: Fourth nerve palsy
Answer: The vitreous chamber
The vitreous chamber contains vitreous fluid, while the anterior and posterior chambers contain aqueous fluid.
Answer: Sclera
Answer: Elevation, intorsion, adduction
Answer: Lesion shown by pin 1
Central scotoma caused by inflammation of the optic disc (optic neuritis) and optic nerve (retrobulbar neuritis),
Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis.
Answer: Choroid
Answer: Lesion shown by pin 4
Answer: Pituitary tumour
Pituitary tumours compress the optic chiasma and cause bitemporal hemianopia.
= A
Answer: Ciliary body
Answer: Elevation, extorsion, abduction.
Answer: Optic tract
= C
Answer: Pupil
Answer: Sixth nerve palsy
Answer: Cornea
Answer: Sixth nerve palsy
Answer: oculomotor nerve
Answer: convex : focal point
Answer: Rubeosis iridis
Answer: b-blocker eye drops
Answer: The aqueous humor
Answer: Posterior bundle of the right optic radiation
Answer: Accommodation
Answer: Presbyopia
Answer: Middle portion of the right calcarine sulcus
The calcarine sulcus (or calcarine fissure) is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain. The calcarine sulcus is where the primary visual cortex is concentrated.
Answer: flat : distant
Answer: Pupillary constriction and an increase in the refractive power of the lens
Answer: Bitemporal hemianopia
Answer: Cornea
Answer: Third nerve palsy
Answer: Retina
Answer: The parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: Right optic nerve
Answer: Myopia
Answer: Lens
Answer: produced by the epithelium of the ciliary body - > posterior chamber - > flows through the pupil - > anterior chamber - > drained into the canal of Schlemm
Aqueous humor is produced by the epithelium of the ciliary body. It is secreted into the posterior chamber, from which it flows through the pupil to enter the anterior chamber. The aqueous humor is drained into the canal of Schlemm, which is a venous sinus found near the limbus.
Answer: Ciliary processes
Answer: Fourth nerve palsy
Answer: Fovea centralis
Answer: round : close
Answer: Astigmatism : hardening of the lens
Answer: Suspensory ligamnet
Answer: Meyer’s loop
Answer: sympathetic : dilation
Answer: Its afferent nerve is the optic (CN II) and its efferent nerve is the oculomotor (CN III)
Answer: The iris
Answer: Left ophthalmic nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)
Answer: parasympathetic : constriction
