Psychiatry

Question 1

Answer 1

Answer: Clozapine

Question 2

Answer 2

Answer: Schizophasia (word salad)

Question 3

Answer 3

Answer: Dystonia

Question 4

Answer 4

Answer: Cardiotoxicity

TCA overdose causes sodium channel blockade, which can lead to lethal ventricular dysrhythmias

Question 5

Answer 5

Answer: Ventral Tegmental area to the frontal cortex

Question 6

Answer 6

Answer: Prefrontal cortex

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for metacognitive functions (e.g. planning, task monitoring), executive functions (e.g. directing and organising other cognitive functions), and emotional regulation.

Question 7

Answer 7

Answer: Fluoxetine

Fluoxetine has a half-life of 45-72.

Question 8

Answer 8

Answer: D2 antagonists

Question 9

Answer 9

Answer: Naloxone

Question 10

Answer 10

Answer: Amitriptyline

Amitryptilline is a tricyclic antidepressant. TCAs have a narrow therapeutic range and can become cardiotoxic at relatively low doses, causing prolonged QT intervals and torsades de pointes.

Question 11

Answer 11

Answer: 48-72 hours

Individuals with chronic alcohol use often develop withdrawal symptoms 48–72 hours after hospitalization because they do not have access to alcohol in the hospital.

Question 12

Answer 12

Answer: Illusion

Question 13

Answer 13

Answer: Ventral Tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens

Question 14

Answer 14

Answer: the individual believes they are a fox

Question 15

Answer 15

Answer: Delusion

Question 16

Answer 16

Answer: Blunted affect

Question 17

Answer 17

Answer: Serotonin syndrome

Question 18

Answer 18

Answer: Delusion

Question 19

Answer 19

Answer: Hallucination

Question 20

Answer 20

Answer: Bipolar disorder, mania with psychosis

Question 21

Answer 21

Answer: Amenorrhea

Side effects associated with hyperprolactinaemia: amenorrhea, infertility, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and osteoporosis (long-term).

Question 22

Answer 22

Answer: Stria terminalis

Question 23

Answer 23

Answer: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde

Question 24

Answer 24

Answer: Cingulate gyrus

The cortical area is made up of the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.

Question 25

Answer 25

**Answer: There is wide variation in inherent vulnerability to develop PTSD after any given trauma**

Question 26

Answer 26

**Answer: Anterior cingulate gyrus** ## Footnote The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in assessing the salience of emotions and motivational information.

Question 27

Answer 27

**Answer: Opisthotonus**

Question 28

Answer 28

**Answer: Excess DA**

Question 29

Answer 29

**Answer: Paroxetine** ## Footnote Short half life leads to high incidence of discontinuation syndrome

Question 30

Answer 30

**Answer: Hypertensive crisis**

Question 31

Answer 31

**Answer: Nucleus accumbens**

Question 32

Answer 32

**Answer: Hyperthermia**

Question 33

Answer 33

**Answer: Yoghurt** ## Footnote A significant and potentially fatal side effect of MAOIs is the hypertensive crisis or the “cheese reaction.” This adverse event occurs when taking MAOIs along with sympathomimetic amines such as tyramine found in some fermented foods like cheese.

Question 34

Answer 34

**Answer: Delusions of control**

Question 35

Answer 35

**Answer: Electroconvulsive therapy**

Question 36

Answer 36

**Answer: Sedation**

Question 37

Answer 37

**Answer: Where the patient incorrectly evaluates the accuracy of their perceptions and thoughts and makes incorrect inferences about external reality.**

Question 38

Answer 38

**Answer: Derailment**

Question 39

Answer 39

**Answer: Echolalia**

Question 40

Answer 40

**Answer: Discontinuation syndrome**

Question 41

Answer 41

**Answer: Poverty of speech**

Question 42

Answer 42

**Answer: Major depression with psychosis**

Question 43

Answer 43

**Answer: Muscle rigidity and fever**

Question 44

Answer 44

**Answer: Personality disorder**

Question 45

Answer 45

**Answer: Tangentiality**

Question 46

Answer 46

**Answer: Diplopia and agitation**

Question 47

Answer 47

**Answer: Illogicality**

Question 48

Answer 48

**Answer: Circumstantiality**

Question 49

Answer 49

**Answer: Tardive dyskinesia**

Question 50

Answer 50

**Answer: Parkinson's**

Question 51

Answer 51

**Answer: Blocking**

Question 52

Answer 52

**Answer: White cell count**

Question 53

Answer 53

**Answer: Compulsive, restless movement**

Question 54

Answer 54

**Answer: Chlorpromazine** ## Footnote Typical antipsychotics have the potential to cause tardive dyskinesia, a permanent syndrome of involuntary kinetic movements.

Question 55

Answer 55

**Answer: Lack of insight**

Question 56

Answer 56

**Answer: Thought broadcasting**

Question 57

Answer 57

**Answer: Distractible speech**

Question 58

Answer 58

**Answer: Flight of ideas**

Question 59

Answer 59

**Answer: Neologism** ## Footnote Neologism: creating new words with peculiar and/or individualised meanings.

Question 60

Answer 60

**Answer: Haloperidol**

Question 61

Answer 61

**Answer: Benztropine**

Question 62

Answer 62

**Answer: Delirium** ## Footnote A patient found to be waxing and waning in consciousness and attention following multiple inpatient days is most likely suffering from delirium. Although often the result of an underlying ailment, such as trauma or electrolyte imbalance, it is most often seen in elderly admitted patients following major surgeries.

Question 63

Answer 63

**Answer: Muscarinic receptor blockade**

Question 64

Answer 64

**Answer: Delirium**

Question 65

Answer 65

**Answer: Production of written and spoken language**

Question 66

Answer 66

**Answer: Caudate and putamen**

Question 67

Answer 67

**Answer: Tuberoinfundibular pathway**

Question 68

Answer 68

**Answer: raphe nuclei**

Question 69

Answer 69

**Answer: Aphasia**

Question 70

Answer 70

**Answer: The nigrostriatal pathway**

Question 71

Answer 71

**Answer: Alzheimer's Disease**

Question 72

Answer 72

**Answer: Cl^- : hyperpolarisation**

Question 73

Answer 73

**Answer: Tyrosine**

Question 74

Answer 74

**Answer: nucleus basalis of Meynert**

Question 75

Answer 75

**Answer: Executive functions**

Question 76

Answer 76

**Answer: glutamate**

Question 77

Answer 77

**Answer: locus coeruleus**

Question 78

Answer 78

**Answer: Tyrosine**

Question 79

Answer 79

**Answer: Influx of Cl^-**

Question 80

Answer 80

**Answer: tyrosine**

Question 81

Answer 81

**Answer: Parkinson's disease**

Question 82

Answer 82

**Answer: GABA A : hyperpolarisation**

Question 83

Answer 83

**Answer: Emotional dysregulation**

Question 84

Answer 84

**Answer: dopamine**

Question 85

Answer 85

**Answer: Schizophrenia**

Question 86

Answer 86

**Answer: acetylcholine** ## Footnote Loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert occurs in Alzheimer's Diseases. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used for treatment, but are only modestly effective.

Question 87

Answer 87

**Answer: tryptophan**

Question 88

Answer 88

**Answer: Inhibits dopamine transporter in the mesolimbic pathway**

Question 89

Answer 89

**Answer: Tuberoinfundibular pathway**

Question 90

Answer 90

**Answer: Nucleus basalis of Meynert**

Question 91

Answer 91

**Answer: Diarrhoea, urination, miosis**

Question 92

Answer 92

**Answer: Substantia nigra**

Question 93

Answer 93

**Answer: Prolactin**

Question 94

Answer 94

**Answer: substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area**