Psychiatry Flashcards
Answer: Clozapine
Answer: Schizophasia (word salad)
Answer: Dystonia
Answer: Cardiotoxicity
TCA overdose causes sodium channel blockade, which can lead to lethal ventricular dysrhythmias
Answer: Ventral Tegmental area to the frontal cortex
Answer: Prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for metacognitive functions (e.g. planning, task monitoring), executive functions (e.g. directing and organising other cognitive functions), and emotional regulation.
Answer: Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine has a half-life of 45-72.
Answer: D2 antagonists
Answer: Naloxone
Answer: Amitriptyline
Amitryptilline is a tricyclic antidepressant. TCAs have a narrow therapeutic range and can become cardiotoxic at relatively low doses, causing prolonged QT intervals and torsades de pointes.
Answer: 48-72 hours
Individuals with chronic alcohol use often develop withdrawal symptoms 48–72 hours after hospitalization because they do not have access to alcohol in the hospital.
Answer: Illusion
Answer: Ventral Tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens
Answer: the individual believes they are a fox
Answer: Delusion
Answer: Blunted affect
Answer: Serotonin syndrome
Answer: Delusion
Answer: Hallucination
Answer: Bipolar disorder, mania with psychosis
Answer: Amenorrhea
Side effects associated with hyperprolactinaemia: amenorrhea, infertility, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and osteoporosis (long-term).
Answer: Stria terminalis
Answer: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde
Answer: Cingulate gyrus
The cortical area is made up of the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.
Answer: There is wide variation in inherent vulnerability to develop PTSD after any given trauma
Answer: Anterior cingulate gyrus
The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in assessing the salience of emotions and motivational information.
Answer: Opisthotonus
Answer: Excess DA
Answer: Paroxetine
Short half life leads to high incidence of discontinuation syndrome
Answer: Hypertensive crisis
Answer: Nucleus accumbens
Answer: Hyperthermia
Answer: Yoghurt
A significant and potentially fatal side effect of MAOIs is the hypertensive crisis or the “cheese reaction.” This adverse event occurs when taking MAOIs along with sympathomimetic amines such as tyramine found in some fermented foods like cheese.
Answer: Delusions of control
Answer: Electroconvulsive therapy
Answer: Sedation
Answer: Where the patient incorrectly evaluates the accuracy of their perceptions and thoughts and makes incorrect inferences about external reality.
Answer: Derailment
Answer: Echolalia
Answer: Discontinuation syndrome
Answer: Poverty of speech
Answer: Major depression with psychosis
Answer: Muscle rigidity and fever
Answer: Personality disorder
Answer: Tangentiality
Answer: Diplopia and agitation
Answer: Illogicality
Answer: Circumstantiality
Answer: Tardive dyskinesia
Answer: Parkinson’s
Answer: Blocking
Answer: White cell count
Answer: Compulsive, restless movement
Answer: Chlorpromazine
Typical antipsychotics have the potential to cause tardive dyskinesia, a permanent syndrome of involuntary kinetic movements.
Answer: Lack of insight
Answer: Thought broadcasting
Answer: Distractible speech
Answer: Flight of ideas
Answer: Neologism
Neologism: creating new words with peculiar and/or individualised meanings.
Answer: Haloperidol
Answer: Benztropine
Answer: Delirium
A patient found to be waxing and waning in consciousness and attention following multiple inpatient days is most likely suffering from delirium. Although often the result of an underlying ailment, such as trauma or electrolyte imbalance, it is most often seen in elderly admitted patients following major surgeries.
Answer: Muscarinic receptor blockade
Answer: Delirium
Answer: Production of written and spoken language
Answer: Caudate and putamen
Answer: Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Answer: raphe nuclei
Answer: Aphasia
Answer: The nigrostriatal pathway
Answer: Alzheimer’s Disease
Answer: Cl- : hyperpolarisation
Answer: Tyrosine
Answer: nucleus basalis of Meynert
Answer: Executive functions
Answer: glutamate
Answer: locus coeruleus
Answer: Tyrosine
Answer: Influx of Cl-
Answer: tyrosine
Answer: Parkinson’s disease
Answer: GABA A : hyperpolarisation
Answer: Emotional dysregulation
Answer: dopamine
Answer: Schizophrenia
Answer: acetylcholine
Loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert occurs in Alzheimer’s Diseases. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used for treatment, but are only modestly effective.
Answer: tryptophan
Answer: Inhibits dopamine transporter in the mesolimbic pathway
Answer: Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Answer: Nucleus basalis of Meynert
Answer: Diarrhoea, urination, miosis
Answer: Substantia nigra
Answer: Prolactin
Answer: substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area
