Histology Flashcards
Answer: Yolk sac tumour
Answer: Red hepatisation
The classic gross phases of lobar pneumonia are congestion, red hepatisation, gray hepatisation, and resolution. Red hepatisation gives the lung a solid consistency, and occurs due to exudate, neutrophils, and haemorrhage filling the alveolar air spaces.
Answer: Option 5 is correct
This is a normal glomerulus by light microscopy. The glomerular capillary loops are thin and delicate. Endothelial and mesangial cells are normal in number. The surrounding tubules are normal. Life is good.
Answer: Gray hepatisation
Answer: Meningioma
Histologically, meningiomas may show different patterns. Often, the tumour cells sit in tight little-whorled clusters, like the cells in the image here (this is called a “meningothelial” or “syncytial” growth pattern).
Answer: Option 6 is correct
The features listed describe minimal change disease.
Answer: Option 6 is correct
Answer: Contraction band necrosis due an excess of Ca2+
Following MI, there is a suddent calcium influx. This occurs via one of several possible mechanisms; for example,
- A transient loss of calcium deficiency with subsequent loss of intracellular calcium
- A period of anoxia, followed by reoxygenation of the electron transport system
This leads to sudden contraction of the cardiac muscles, resulting in irreversible contraction band necrosis.
Answer: Option 6 is correct
Note the effacement of foot processes demonstrated on electron microscopy, with normal glomeruli on H&E stain.
Answer: Consolidation/congestion
The absence of neutrophils indicates that this slide is taken from early days of the pneumonia infection.
Answer: Grave’s disease
Note the clear vacuoles in the colloid next to the epithelium where the increased activity of the epithelium to produce increased thyroid hormone has led to scalloping out of the colloid in the follicle.
Answer: Hyaline membranes, the key histologic feature of diffuse alveolar damage
Answer: Months
Type I collagen (i.e. fibrous scarring) is seen in this image; thus the time from the infarction is months.
Answer: Ulcerative colitis
The yellow arrow shows crypt abscesses.
Answer: Option 7 is correct
Rhomboid-shaped crystals with weakly positive birefringence under polarized light.
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Answer: Less than 24 hours
There are no nuclei in the slide, therefore we can suspect coagulative necrosis has occurred; this form of necrosis takes approx. 24 hours to manifest.
Also, there are no neutrophils present, therefore the time from infarction is less than 24 hours.
Answer: Mallory’s hyaline
Mallory bodies are seen in alcohol-related liver disease. They are damaged cytokeratin filaments within swollen hepatocytes, typically surrounded by necrosis and acute inflammation.
Answer: Option 3 is correct
This is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). An area of collagenous sclerosis runs across the middle of this glomerulus. As the name implies, only some (focal) glomeruli are affected and just part (a segment) of the affected glomerulus is involved with sclerosis. In contrast to minimal change disease, patients with FSGS are more likely to have non-selective proteinuria, haematuria, poor response to corticosteroid therapy, and progression to chronic renal failure.
Answer: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative diplococcus.
Answer: A=parietal cells, B=chief cells
Parietal cells have a characteristic “fried-egg” appearance, with a basophilic, peripherally located nucleus and a rather eosinophilic cytoplasm.
Answer: Option 1 is correct
Membranous Nephropathy is shown by image 1.
Answer: Option 3 is correct
This is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). An area of collagenous sclerosis runs across the middle of this glomerulus. As the name implies, only some (focal) glomeruli are affected and just part (a segment) of the affected glomerulus is sclerosed. In contrast to minimal change disease, patients with FSGS are more likely to have non-selective proteinuria, haematuria, poor response to corticosteroid therapy, and progression to chronic renal failure.
