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Reproductive System > Puberty > Flashcards

Puberty Flashcards

1
Q

What is puberty?

A

A stage of human development when sexual maturation and growth are completed and result in ability to reproduce

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2
Q

Which gender starts puberty first?

A

Females

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3
Q

What is the critical weight for female puberty?

A

47 kg

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4
Q

What is the usual age range for female puberty?

A

9-13

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5
Q

What is the order of onset of female puberty?

A

Breast bud formation
Pubic hair growth
Growth spurt
Menarche

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6
Q

What is thelarche?

A

Onset of secondary breast development

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7
Q

What is menarche?

A

Starting of period

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8
Q

What staging system is commonly used in puberty?

A

Tanner system

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9
Q

What is the tanner system for breast development?

A

Stage 1 = prepubertal
Stage 2 = breast bud stage - elevation of breasts and papilla
Stage 3 = further enlargement of breast and areola
Stage 4 = areola and papilla form secondary mound
Stage 5 = mature stage - projection of papilla only

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10
Q

What is the tanner system for pubic hair?

A

Stage 1 = prepubertal
Stage 2 = sparse growing of long hair
Stage 3 = darker, coarser and more curled hair - begins to extend laterally
Stage 4 = hair covering smaller area than adult
Stage 5 = adult in type and quantity

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11
Q

What is the age range for male puberty?

A

10-14

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12
Q

What is the order of onset of male puberty?

A

Testicular volume increases
Genital size growth
Pubic hair
Growth spurt

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13
Q

What is the tanner system for genital size?

A

Stage 1 = prepubertal
Stage 2 = enlargement of scrotum + testes
Stage 3 = enlargement of penis
Stage 4 = growth of penis breadth, scrotum skin darker
Stage 5 = adult genitalia

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14
Q

What is the tanner system for growth in females?

A 
Stage 1 = 5-6cm per year
Stage 2 = 7-8cm per year
Stage 3 = 8cm per year
Stage 4 = 7cm per year
Stage 5 = no growth after 16 years
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15
Q

What is the tanner system for growth in males?

A 
Stage 1 = 5-6cm per year
Stage 2 = 5-6cm per year
Stage 3 = 7-8cm per year
Stage 4 = 10cm per year
Stage 5 = no growth after 17 years
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16
Q

Why do males have a longer growth spurt?

A

Growth spurt is ended by fusion of epiphyseal growth plates

Oestrogen causes fusion earlier in females

17
Q

What system initiates puberty?

A

HPG axis

18
Q

Describe the HPG axis

A

Hypothalamus produces GnRH

Anterior pituitary produces LH + FSH

Gonads produce androgens + oestrogen

19
Q

What is GnRH?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

20
Q

How is GnRH released?

A

Released in pulses from hypothalamus

21
Q

What does LH act on in males?

A

Leydig cells

22
Q

What does LH stimulate Leydig cells to secrete?

A

Testosterone

23
Q

What does FSH act on in males?

A

Sertoli cells

24
Q

What does FSH stimulate Sertoli cells to secrete?

A

Inhibin

25
Q

What is the role of inhibin?

A

Produce negative feedback at pituitary

26
Q

What does LH act on in females?

A

Theca cells

27
Q

What does LH stimulate theca cells to secrete?

A

Androgens

Progestins

28
Q

What is the role of androgens?

A

Act on granulosa cells

29
Q

What is the role of progestins?

A

Increases inhibitory effect of moderate oestrogen

Prevents positive feedback of high oestrogen

30
Q

What does FSH act on in females?

A

Granulosa cells

31
Q

What does FSH stimulate granulosa cells to secrete?

A

Inhibin

Oestrogen

32
Q

What is the role of oestrogen?

A

Moderate oestrogen = negative feedback on hypothalamus

High oestrogen = Positive feedback on hypothalamus = LH surge

33
Q

What is leptin?

A

Adipocyte-derived protein hormone

34
Q

What is the role of leptin?

A

Regulates neuroendocrine function

- accelerate onset of reproductive function

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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