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Reproductive System > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is contraception?

A

Any method to prevent pregnancy

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2
Q

What are the different types of contraception?

A 
Natural 
Barrier
Hormonal control 
Prevention of implantation 
Sterilisation 
Emergency contraception
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3
Q

What are the natural methods of contraception?

A

Abstinence
Withdrawal method
Fertility awareness
Lactational amenorrhea

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4
Q

What are the advantages of abstinence?

A

Only 100% reliable method of contraception

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of abstinence?

A

No sex

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6
Q

What is the withdrawal method?

A

Removal of penis before ejactulation

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7
Q

What are the advantages of the withdrawal method?

A

No devices

No hormones

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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of the withdrawal method?

A

Unreliable - some sperm in pre-ejaculate

No STI protection

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9
Q

What is fertility awareness?

A

Use of fertility indicators to identify fertile and infertile points of the menstrual cycle

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10
Q

What are fertility indicators?

A

Cervical secretions
Basal body temperatures
Length of menstrual cycle

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11
Q

What are the advantages of fertility awareness?

A

No hormones

No devices

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of fertility awareness?

A

Unreliable

No STI protection

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13
Q

What is the lactational amenorrhea method?

A

Breast feeding delays return of ovulation

  • suckling stimulus disrupts release of GnRH
  • affects HPG axis
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14
Q

What are the advantages of the lactational amenorrhea method?

A

No hormones

No devices

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of the lactational amenorrhea method?

A

Only effect up to 6 months post partum
Female must be amenorrhoeic
Unreliable
No STI protection

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16
Q

What are the available barrier methods?

A

Male/female condoms

Diaphragm/caps

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17
Q

What are the advantages of barrier methods?

A

Reliable
STI protection
Male condom widely available

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18
Q

What are the disadvantages of barrier methods?

A

Reduce pleasure?
Risk of expiration
Allergy to latex

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19
Q

What types of hormonal contraception are available?

A

Combined oestrogen + progesterone

Progesterone only

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20
Q

What combined hormonal contraception are available?

A

COCP
Vaginal ring
Patches

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21
Q

What progesterone only hormonal contraception are available?

A

High dose

  • injection
  • impant

Low dose
- POP

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22
Q

How does high dose progesterone act as contraception?

A

Enhances negative feedback of oestrogen - reduces LH + FSH

Inhibits positive feedback of oestrogen - prevents LH surge = no ovulation

23
Q

How does low dose progesterone act as contraception?

A

Thickens cervical mucus - physical barrier to sperm

24
Q

How does the COCP work?

A

Prevents ovulation

Reduces endometrial receptivity - inhibits implantation
Thickens cervical mucus

25
What are the rules for missed COCP pills?
1 day - continue as normal - take 2 in one day if necessary 2+ days - take one missed pill - continue as normal - use extra protection for 7 days
26
What are the advantages of the COCP?
98% effective Can relieve menstrual symptoms Reduces risk of ovarian cysts Reduces risk of ovarian + endometrial cancer
27
What are the disadvantages of the COCP?
``` No STI protection Contraindications Side effects Increased risk of breast + cervical cancer VTE risk ```
28
What are the contraindications to the COCP?
BMI >35 Migraines Breast cancer
29
What are the side effects of the COCP?
Breakthrough bleeding Breast tenderness Mood disturbances
30
What is the action of progesterone injections?
Prevent ovulation Thicken cervical mucus Prevent endometrial proliferation
31
What are the advantages of progesterone injections?
Reliable | Doesn't interrupt sex
32
What are the disadvantages of progesterone injections?
12 weekly injections Side effects Delay in fertility return ~6months No STI protection
33
What is the action of the implant?
Inhibit ovulation Thicken cervical mucus Prevent endometrial proliferation
34
How long does the implant last?
3 years
35
What are the advantages of the implant?
Reliable LARC Natural fertility returns quickly
36
What are the disadvantages of the implant?
Minor procedure to insert Side effects NO STI protection
37
What is the action of the POP?
Thickens cervical mucus
38
What are the advantages of the POP?
Quickly reversible Doesn't interrupt sex Can be used if COCP contraindicated
39
What are the disadvantages of the POP?
``` User dependant Menstrual problems are common Interacts with other medication Risk of ectopic pregnancy No STI protection ```
40
What are the missed POP pill rules?
< 3 hours late - take missed pill asap - carry on as normal > 3 hours late - take asap - carry on as normal - use extra protection for 2 days
41
What are the different devices for inhibiting implantation?
IUS | IUD
42
What is the action of the IUS?
Releases progesterone Prevent implantation Reduce endometrial proliferation Thicken cervical mucus
43
How long does an IUS work?
5 years
44
What is the action of an IUD?
Copper is toxic to sperm
45
How long does an IUD work?
10 years
46
What are the advantages to coils?
Convenient | Long duration of action
47
What are the disadvantages of coils?
``` Unpleasant insertion Risk of uterine perforation Menstrual irregularity No STI protection May be expelled from uterus ```
48
What are the different types of sterilisation?
Vasectomy | Tubal ligation
49
What happens in a vasectomy?
Vas deferens cut to prevent sperm entering during ejaculate
50
What is the failure rate for a vasectomy?
1 in 2000
51
What happens in tubal ligation?
Fallopian tubes cut to stop ovum entering uterus
52
What is the failure rate for tubal ligation?
1 in 200/500
53
What are the types of emergency contraception?
Levonorgestrel | Ulipristal acetate

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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