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Reproductive System > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is contraception?

A

Any method to prevent pregnancy

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2
Q

What are the different types of contraception?

A 
Natural 
Barrier
Hormonal control 
Prevention of implantation 
Sterilisation 
Emergency contraception
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3
Q

What are the natural methods of contraception?

A

Abstinence
Withdrawal method
Fertility awareness
Lactational amenorrhea

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4
Q

What are the advantages of abstinence?

A

Only 100% reliable method of contraception

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of abstinence?

A

No sex

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6
Q

What is the withdrawal method?

A

Removal of penis before ejactulation

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7
Q

What are the advantages of the withdrawal method?

A

No devices

No hormones

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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of the withdrawal method?

A

Unreliable - some sperm in pre-ejaculate

No STI protection

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9
Q

What is fertility awareness?

A

Use of fertility indicators to identify fertile and infertile points of the menstrual cycle

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10
Q

What are fertility indicators?

A

Cervical secretions
Basal body temperatures
Length of menstrual cycle

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11
Q

What are the advantages of fertility awareness?

A

No hormones

No devices

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of fertility awareness?

A

Unreliable

No STI protection

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13
Q

What is the lactational amenorrhea method?

A

Breast feeding delays return of ovulation

  • suckling stimulus disrupts release of GnRH
  • affects HPG axis
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14
Q

What are the advantages of the lactational amenorrhea method?

A

No hormones

No devices

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of the lactational amenorrhea method?

A

Only effect up to 6 months post partum
Female must be amenorrhoeic
Unreliable
No STI protection

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16
Q

What are the available barrier methods?

A

Male/female condoms

Diaphragm/caps

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17
Q

What are the advantages of barrier methods?

A

Reliable
STI protection
Male condom widely available

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18
Q

What are the disadvantages of barrier methods?

A

Reduce pleasure?
Risk of expiration
Allergy to latex

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19
Q

What types of hormonal contraception are available?

A

Combined oestrogen + progesterone

Progesterone only

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20
Q

What combined hormonal contraception are available?

A

COCP
Vaginal ring
Patches

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21
Q

What progesterone only hormonal contraception are available?

A

High dose

  • injection
  • impant

Low dose
- POP

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22
Q

How does high dose progesterone act as contraception?

A

Enhances negative feedback of oestrogen - reduces LH + FSH

Inhibits positive feedback of oestrogen - prevents LH surge = no ovulation

23
Q

How does low dose progesterone act as contraception?

A

Thickens cervical mucus - physical barrier to sperm

24
Q

How does the COCP work?

A

Prevents ovulation

Reduces endometrial receptivity - inhibits implantation
Thickens cervical mucus

25
Q

What are the rules for missed COCP pills?

A

1 day

  • continue as normal
  • take 2 in one day if necessary

2+ days

  • take one missed pill
  • continue as normal
  • use extra protection for 7 days
26
Q

What are the advantages of the COCP?

A

98% effective
Can relieve menstrual symptoms
Reduces risk of ovarian cysts
Reduces risk of ovarian + endometrial cancer

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of the COCP?

A 
No STI protection 
Contraindications
Side effects 
Increased risk of breast + cervical cancer
VTE risk
28
Q

What are the contraindications to the COCP?

A

BMI >35
Migraines
Breast cancer

29
Q

What are the side effects of the COCP?

A

Breakthrough bleeding
Breast tenderness
Mood disturbances

30
Q

What is the action of progesterone injections?

A

Prevent ovulation

Thicken cervical mucus
Prevent endometrial proliferation

31
Q

What are the advantages of progesterone injections?

A

Reliable

Doesn’t interrupt sex

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of progesterone injections?

A

12 weekly injections
Side effects
Delay in fertility return ~6months
No STI protection

33
Q

What is the action of the implant?

A

Inhibit ovulation

Thicken cervical mucus
Prevent endometrial proliferation

34
Q

How long does the implant last?

A

3 years

35
Q

What are the advantages of the implant?

A

Reliable
LARC
Natural fertility returns quickly

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of the implant?

A

Minor procedure to insert
Side effects
NO STI protection

37
Q

What is the action of the POP?

A

Thickens cervical mucus

38
Q

What are the advantages of the POP?

A

Quickly reversible
Doesn’t interrupt sex
Can be used if COCP contraindicated

39
Q

What are the disadvantages of the POP?

A 
User dependant 
Menstrual problems are common 
Interacts with other medication 
Risk of ectopic pregnancy 
No STI protection
40
Q

What are the missed POP pill rules?

A

< 3 hours late

  • take missed pill asap
  • carry on as normal

> 3 hours late

  • take asap
  • carry on as normal
  • use extra protection for 2 days
41
Q

What are the different devices for inhibiting implantation?

A

IUS

IUD

42
Q

What is the action of the IUS?

A

Releases progesterone
Prevent implantation
Reduce endometrial proliferation
Thicken cervical mucus

43
Q

How long does an IUS work?

A

5 years

44
Q

What is the action of an IUD?

A

Copper is toxic to sperm

45
Q

How long does an IUD work?

A

10 years

46
Q

What are the advantages to coils?

A

Convenient

Long duration of action

47
Q

What are the disadvantages of coils?

A 
Unpleasant insertion 
Risk of uterine perforation 
Menstrual irregularity
No STI protection 
May be expelled from uterus
48
Q

What are the different types of sterilisation?

A

Vasectomy

Tubal ligation

49
Q

What happens in a vasectomy?

A

Vas deferens cut to prevent sperm entering during ejaculate

50
Q

What is the failure rate for a vasectomy?

A

1 in 2000

51
Q

What happens in tubal ligation?

A

Fallopian tubes cut to stop ovum entering uterus

52
Q

What is the failure rate for tubal ligation?

A

1 in 200/500

53
Q

What are the types of emergency contraception?

A

Levonorgestrel

Ulipristal acetate

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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