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Reproductive System > Genital Tract Infections > Flashcards

Genital Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause a genital tract infection?

A

STI

Trauma

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2
Q

How do you test for STIs in men?

A

Urinalysis

  • first catch
  • midstream

Urethral sampling
Rectal sampling
Ulcer swab
Bloods

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3
Q

How do you test for STIs in women?

A 
Vulvovaginal swabs
High vaginal swab 
Endocervical swab 
Urinalysis 
Rectal sampling 
Ulcer swab 
Bloods
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4
Q

How do you manage STIs?

A

Treat cause
Contact tracing
STI prevention - discuss contraception

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5
Q

What are the common STIs?

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Herpes

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6
Q

What is the causative organism of chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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7
Q

What is type of organism is chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia in males?

A

Urethritis
Dysuria
Proctitis
Epididymitis

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia in females?

A

Often asymptomatic

Increased discharge
Post coital bleeding
Dyspareunia

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10
Q

What is dyspareunia?

A

Painful intercourse

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11
Q

Where else can chlamydia trachomatis infect?

A

Eye - conjunctivitis

Pharynx

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12
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed in males?

A

First catch urine

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13
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed in females?

A

Vulvovaginal swab

First catch urine

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14
Q

How is chlamydia managed?

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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15
Q

What organism causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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16
Q

What type of organism is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Gram negative diplococcus

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17
Q

What are the primary sites of gonorrhoea infection?

A 
Urethra 
Endocervix 
Rectum 
Pharynx
Conjunctiva
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18
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in men?

A

Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Anal discharge

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?

A

Often asymptomatic

Altered discharge
Lower abdo pain

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20
Q

What are potential complications of gonorrhoea?

A

Epididymo-orchitis
Prostatitis
PID
Disseinated gonococcal infection

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21
Q

How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A

NAATs

Cultures

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22
Q

What is NAAT?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test

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23
Q

How is gonorrhoea managed?

A

IM ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin

24
Q

What organism causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

25
Q

What type of organism in treponema pallidum?

A

Gram negative spirochete bacterium

26
Q

What are the stages of syphilis?

A

Primary = painless ulcer

Secondary = (4-10 weeks later) rash + multisystem involvement

Latent

Tertiary = (up to 40 years later) neurosyphilis, parenchymous, gummatous

27
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

History + examination

Dark ground microscopy

28
Q

How is syphilis managed?

A

Early = benzathine penicillin G IM single dose

Latent = benzathine penicillin G *3

Neurosyphilis = IM procaine penicillin

29
Q

What types of herpes virus are there?

A

2

HSV 1 = usual cause of oro-labial herpes

HSV 2 = more likely to cause recurrent symptoms

30
Q

What type of organism is herpes simplex?

A

Double stranded enveloped DNA virus

31
Q

What are the symptoms of herpes?

A

Shallow ulcers

Fever

32
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A

History + examination

Virus detection in ulcer swab
Type specific serology

33
Q

How is herpes managed?

A

Aciclovir

34
Q

What is trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoa

35
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomonas in men?

A

Can be asymptomatic

Urethral discharge
Dysuria

36
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomonas in women?

A

Vaginal discharge
Vulvitis
Vaginitis

37
Q

How is trichomonas diagnosed?

A

Vaginal wet preparation

NAATs

38
Q

How is trichomonas managed?

A

Metronidazole

39
Q

How is scabies managed?

A

Permethrin

40
Q

How is pubic lice managed?

A

Malathion

41
Q

What causes anogenital warts?

A

HPV

42
Q

Which types of HPV are oncogenic?

A

HPV 16

HPV 18

43
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Most common cause of abnormal discharge in women

Bacterial infection of vagina

44
Q

What are risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Vaginal douching
Recent sexual partner change
Smoking
STI

45
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Offensive fishy discharge

No itching

46
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?

A

High vagina gram stained smear

47
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis managed?

A

Metronidazole

48
Q

What causes vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

49
Q

What are the risk factors for candidiasis?

A 
Pregnancy 
Antibiotics
Oestrogen oral contraceptives
Diabetes
Immunosuppression
50
Q

What are the symptoms of candidiasis?

A

Vaginal discharge - curdy
Vulval itch
Soreness
Dyspareunia

51
Q

How is candidiasis diagnosed?

A

High vaginal smear

52
Q

How is candidiasis managed?

A

Topical/oral azoles

53
Q

What are complications of STIs?

A

PID
Epididymo-orchitis
SARA - sexually acquired reactive arthritis
Prostatitis

54
Q

What is epididymo-orchitis?

A

Clinical syndrome of pain, swelling + inflammation of epididymis and testes

55
Q

What is Reiter’s syndrome?

A

Triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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