Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Flashcards
What is pelvic organ prolapse?
Loss of support for the uterus, bladder, colon or rectum leading to prolapse of one or more into the vagina
What is anterior compartment prolapse?
Bladder prolapses into vagina
What is middle compartment prolapse?
Uterus prolapses into vagina
What is posterior compartment prolapse?
Rectum prolapses into posterior vagina
Loops of bowel may prolapse into pouch of Douglas
What are risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse?
Age Parity Vaginal delivery Postmenopausal oestrogen deficiency Obesity
How is pelvic organ prolapse managed?
Pessaries
Surgery
Hysterectomy
What are obstetric anal sphincter injuries?
Perineal tears involving the anal sphincter complex
What is a 3rd degree tear?
Tear of skin, vagina and muscle
What is a 4th degree tear?
Tear of skin, vagina, muscle and mucosa
How can obstetric anal sphincter injuries be prevented?
Consider episiotomy
Encourage mother not to push while baby is crowning
What is female genital mutilation?
All procedures involving partial or total removal of the female genitalia or other injury to female genital organs
What is type 1 FGM?
Partial or total removal of the clitoris
What is type 2 FGM?
Partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora
What is type 3 FGM?
Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with the creaton of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora/majora
What is type 4 FGM?
All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes
What are the acute consequences of FGM?
Haemorrhage
Sepsis
What are the late consequences of FGM?
Sexual difficulties Chronic pain Dysmenorrhea Urinary outflow obstruction PTSD
How does posterior compartment pelvic floor dysfunction present?
Vaginal/rectal bulge
Constipation
Anal incontinence
What can cause posterior compartment pelvic floor dysfunction?
Structural prolapse Drugs Dehydration Immobility Pregnancy Post operative pain
What is anal incontinence?
Involuntary loss of flatus, liquid or solid stools
