Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor?

A
Supports the pelvic organs
Maintains intra-abdominal pressure 
Facilitate defaecation + micturition 
Maintain urinary and faecal continence 
Facilitate childbirth
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2
Q

By what 3 mechanisms does the pelvic floor offer support?

A

Suspension
Fusion
Attachment

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3
Q

How does the pelvic floor provide suspension?

A

Vertical support acting against gravity via ligaments

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4
Q

What ligaments provide suspension?

A

Cardinal ligaments
Uterosacral ligaments
Round ligament

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5
Q

What is the cardinal ligaments?

A

Holds the cervix and upper vagina in place

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6
Q

What is the uterosacral ligaments?

A

Holds the back of the cervix and upper vagina laterally

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7
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

Maintain the anteverted position of the uterus

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8
Q

What provides attachement?

A

Arcus tendinosus fascia pelvic

Endopelvic fascia

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9
Q

What is the role of attachment?

A

Maintain urinary continence - compresses urethra

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10
Q

What is supported by fusion?

A

Lower half of the vagina

Fusion of the vaginal endopelvic fascia to the perineal body posteriorly, levator ani laterally, and urethra anteriorly

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11
Q

What makes up the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani muscles
Urogenital diaphragm
Perineal body
Perineal muscles

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12
Q

What is the levator ani?

A

Broad U-shaped sheet
Stretches backwards and inwards from either side of the pelvis
Encircles the urethra, vagina and the rectum

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13
Q

What makes up the levator ani?

A

Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus

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14
Q

Where does the levator ani originate?

A

Body of the pubic bone, obturator internus, medial ischial spine

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15
Q

Where does levator ani insert?

A

Encircles the urethra
Encircles the vagina
Encircles the rectum
Lower part of coccyx

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16
Q

What is the next layer of the pelvic floor?

A

Perineal muscles

17
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Triangular sheet of dense fibrous tissue that supports the pelvic floor

18
Q

Where does the urogenital diaphragm insert>

A

Arises from inferior ischiopubic ramus

Attaches to urethra, vagina and perineal body

19
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Point of attachment for the levator ani muscles

Attaches posteriorly to the external anal sphincter and the coccyx

20
Q

What is the supply to the pelvic floor?

A

Internal and external pudendal arteries/veins

21
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic floor?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

22
Q

What is the nervous supply of the pelvic floor?

A

Branches of pudendal nerve