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Reproductive System > Menopause > Flashcards

Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

What is menopause?

A

End of menstruation - no periods for 12 consecutive months

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2
Q

What is early menopause?

A

Menopause that occurs under 45

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3
Q

What is physiological menopause?

A

Normal decline in ovarian function due to aging

Occurs 45-55

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4
Q

What is pathological menopause?

A

Gradual or abrupt cessation of menstruation before 40

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5
Q

What are the phases of menopause?

A

Pre-menopause
Peri-menopause
Menopause
Post-menopause

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6
Q

What is pre-menopause?

A

Time prior to menopause

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7
Q

What happens during pre-menopause?

A

Follicular stage shortens
Less oestrogen secreted
LH + FSh levels rise
Reduced fertility

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8
Q

What is peri-menopause?

A

Phase characterized by physiological changed associated with the end of reproduction capacity

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9
Q

What is the menopause phase?

A

Permanent cessation of menstruation caused by ovarian follicular development failure

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10
Q

What is the post-menopausal phase?

A

Time after a woman has had 12 months of amenorrhea

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11
Q

What causes menopause?

A

When the ovaries are depleted of follicles and do not respond to gonadotrophins

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12
Q

What happens to the gonadotrophins during menopause?

A

LH rises

FSH rises - dramatically

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of menopause?

A

Hot flushes
Sweating
Insomnia
Psychological symptoms

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14
Q

What causes the menopause symptoms?

A

Oestrogen deficiency

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15
Q

What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Spotting between cycles or extremely heavy bleeding

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16
Q

What causes dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Continued oestrogen - without progesterone

Endometrium keeps thickening

17
Q

What changes occur to the ovary?

A

Atrophy of ovaries

Reduced oestrogen production

18
Q

What changes occur to the skin?

A

Skin loses elasticity - loss of elastin and collagen

19
Q

What changes occur to weight?

A

Weight increase likely due to irregular food habit

More fat deposition around hips, waist + buttocks

20
Q

What changes occur to hair?

A

Hair becomes dry and coarse

21
Q

What changes occur to voice?

A

Voice becomes deeper due to thickening of vocal cords

22
Q

What changes happens to the GI system?

A

Decreased motor activity - constipation likely

23
Q

What changes happen to the urinary system?

A

Loss of pelvic tone - increased frequency of urination

24
Q

What changes occur to the bone?

A

Calcium loss - increases risk of osteoporosis

25
Q

What are non-hormonal managements for menopause?

A

Dress in light layers

Reduce dietry fat intake

26
Q

What management us there for menopause?

A

HRT

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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