PT Manual: Ch. 7 - Functional Assessments: Posture, Movement, Core, Balance, and Flexibility

Question 1

What are the 6 correctable factors for muscle and postural deviations?

Answer 1

1. Repetitive Movements
2. Awkward positions and movements
3. Side dominance
4. Lack of joint stability
5. Lack of joint mobility
6. Imbalanced strength-training programs

Question 2

What are the 4 non-correctable factors for muscle and postural deviations?

Answer 2

1. Congenital Conditions- Scoliosis
2. Some pathologies - Rheumatoid Arthritis
3. Structural deviations
4. Certain types of trauma

Question 3

What are the five key postural deviations that occur frequently in individuals?

Answer 3

1. Ankle Pronation/Supination and the Effect on Tibial and Femoral Rotation
2. Hip Adduction
3. Pelvic Tilting (Anterior or Posterior)
4. Shoulder Position and the Thoracic Spine
5. Head Position

Question 4

Subtalar Joint Pronation - Deviation 1

Answer 4

Foot Movement - Eversion
Tibial (Knee Movement) - Internal Rotation
Femoral Movement - Internal Rotation

Question 5

Subtalar Joint Supination - Devation 1

Answer 5

Foot Movement - Inversion
Tibial (Knee Movement) - External Rotation
Femoral Movement - External Rotation

Question 6

Right Hip Adduction - Deviation 2

Answer 6

Position - Elevated vs. Left Side

Plumb Line Alignment - Hips usually shifted right

Question 7

Left Hip Adduction - Deviation 2

Answer 7

Position - Elevated vs. Right Side

Plumb Line Alignment - Hips usually shifted left

Question 8

Neutral Pelvic Position - Deviation 3

Answer 8

The bucket is full and no water is spilling out.

Question 9

Anterior Pelvic Tilt - Deviation 3

Answer 9

Water is spilling out of the front of the bucket, and the back is elevated.

Question 10

Posterior Pelvic Tilt - Deviation 3

Answer 10

Water is spilling out of the back of the bucket, and the front is elevated.

Question 11

Elevation - Deviation 4

Answer 11

The shoulders are going up towards the ears.

Question 12

Depression - Deviation 4

Answer 12

The shoulders are going down towards the ground.

Question 13

Adduction (Retraction) - Deviation 4

Answer 13

The shoulders are going towards the midline of the spine.

Question 14

Abduction (Protraction) - Deviation 4

Answer 14

The shoulders are curving causing a rounded back.

Question 15

Upward Rotation - Deviation 4

Answer 15

The shoulders are pressing up, like in an overhead press.

Question 16

Downward Rotation - Deviation 4

Answer 16

The shoulders are returning to the anatomical position.

Question 17

Forward Head - Deviation 5

Answer 17

From the sagittal view, the head is pushed forward, like a turtle.

Question 18

What are the five primary movements that people perform during many daily activities?

Answer 18

1. Bending and Raising
2. Lifting and Lowering Movements (Squat)
3. Single-Leg Movements
4. Pushing Movements and Resultant Movement
5. Pulling Movements and Resultant Movement
6. Rotational Movements

Question 19

Bend and Lift Screen

Answer 19

To examine symmetrical lower-extremity mobility and stability, and upper-extremity stability during a bend and lift movement.

Question 20

Hurdle Step Screen

Answer 20

To examine simultaneous mobility of one limb and stability of the contralateral limb while maintaining both hip and torso stabilization during a balance challenge of standing on one leg.

Question 21

Shoulder Push Stabilization Screen

Answer 21

To examine stabilization of the scapulothoracic joint and core control during closed-kinetic-chain pushing movements.

Question 22

Thoracic Spine Mobility Screen

Answer 22

To examine bilateral mobility of the thoracic spine.

Question 23

Thomas Test

Answer 23

Hip Flexion
Quadriceps Length

To assess the length of the muscles involved in hip flexion.

Question 24

Passive Straight Leg (PSL) Raise

Answer 24

To assess the length of the hamstrings.

Question 25

Shoulder Flexion and Extension

Answer 25

To assess the degree of shoulder flexion and extension.

Question 26

Internal and External Rotation of the Humerus at the Shoulder

Answer 26

To assess internal (medial) and external (lateral) rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint.

Question 27

Apley’s Scratch Test for Shoulder Mobility

Answer 27

To assess simultaneous movements of the shoulder girdle; primarily the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints.

Question 28

Sharpened Romberg Test

Answer 28

To assess static balance by standing with a reduced base of support while removing visual sensory information.

Question 29

Stork Balance Test

Answer 29

To assess static balance by standing on one foot in a modified stork stand position.

Question 30

McGill’s Torso Muscular Endurance Test Battery

Answer 30

1. Trunk Flexor Endurance Test
2. Trunk Lateral Endurance Test
3. Trunk Extensor Endurance Test

They are performed individually, but evaluated collectively.

Question 31

Trunk Flexor Endurance Test

Answer 31

Assesses the deep core muscles:

1. Transverse Abdominis
2. Quadratus Lumborum
3. Erector Spinae

Question 32

Trunk Lateral Endurance Test

Answer 32

Assesses the lateral core muscles:

1. Transverse Abdominis
2. Obliques
3. Quadratus Lumborum
4. Erector Spinae

Also called the Side Bridge Test

Question 33

Trunk Extensor Endurance Test

Answer 33

Assesses the extensor core muscles:

1. Erector Spinae
2. Longissimus
3. Iliocostalis
4. Multifidi