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ACE - Personal Trainer Exam > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A
  1. Smooth - Walls of hollow organs (Stomach) - Involuntary
  2. Cardiac - Walls of the heart - Involuntary
  3. Skeletal - Attaches to the skeleton - Voluntary
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2
Q

How do bones attach to muscles?

A

Tendons

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3
Q

Tendons of Insertion

A

Attached to the more distal bone of a joint.

More mobile

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4
Q

Tendons of Origin

A

Attached to the proximal bone of a joint.

Less mobile

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5
Q

What are the two categories of the skeletal muscles?

A
  1. Slow-Twitch

2. Fast - Twitch

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6
Q

Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers

A

Contract Slower
More Efficient
Used during aerobic metabolism when oxygen is readily available.

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7
Q

Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers

A

Type 2A and 2X
Fatigue Quickly
More Powerful than Slow-Twitch

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8
Q

Myofibril

A

The portion of the muscle containing the thick (myosins) and thin (actin) contractile filaments.

A series of sarcomeres where the repeating pattern of the contractile proteins gives the striated appearance to skeletal muscle.

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9
Q

Myosin

A

Thick contractile protein in a myofibril.

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10
Q

Actin

A

Thin contractile protein in a myofibril.

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11
Q

Sarcomere

A

The basic functional unit of the myofibril containing the contractile proteins that generate skeletal muscle movements.

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12
Q

How does the muscle contract?

A
  1. Acetocolene is detected.
  2. Calcium is released.
  3. Actin binding sites exposed for myosin to attach.
  4. When ATP is plentiful the sites will bind easily and form a cross-bridge.
  5. Myosin pulls actin towards the center, sarcomere shortens.
  6. Several fibers stimulated at the same time then the muscle will contract.
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13
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Material between the cells of the body that gives the tissue form and strength.

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14
Q

What is the most abundant connective tissue?

A

Collagen

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15
Q

Collagen

A

Inextensibility and tensile strength.

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16
Q

What are the wave-like folds found in collagen called?

A

Crimps; when a fiber is pulled the crimp straightens and the it’s length increases.

17
Q

Elastin

A

Found in extensible fibers and can stretch up to 150% of the original length before rupturing.

18
Q

Tendons

A

Tough, chord-like tissues that connect muscles to bone.

Produces Movement

19
Q

Ligaments

A

Attach bones to other bones.

20
Q

Fascia

A

Superficial, deep, and intramuscular.

Know to be all the other connective tissue in the body.

Developing and isolating muscles to providing structural support.

21
Q

Chronic Hypertrophy

A

Increase in:

  1. Myofibrils,
  2. Actin and myosin filaments
  3. Sarcoplasm
  4. Connective tissues
  5. Muscle protein synthesis

ACE - Personal Trainer Exam (18 decks)

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