Essentials of Exercise: Ch. 1 - Respiratory System

Question 1

What 4 primary things does the respiratory system do?

Answer 1

1. Makes it possible for the body to exchange gases between the external environment and the tissues.
2. Replace oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
3. Makes vocalization possible.
4. Regulation of the acid-base balance during exercise.

Question 2

Pharynx

Answer 2

The muscular, membranous tube extending from the base of the skull to the esophagus.

Question 3

Larynx

Answer 3

The organ of the voice; located between the trachea and the base of the tongue.

Question 4

Trachea

Answer 4

the cartilaginous and membranous tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi; windpipe.

Question 5

Bronchi

Answer 5

The two large branches of the trachea leading into the lungs.

Question 6

Alveoli

Answer 6

Spherical extensions of the respiratory bronchioles and the primary sites of gas exchange with the blood.

Question 7

How many liters of air does a person breathe through the nose at rest?

Answer 7

Approximately 5 to 6 per minute.

Question 8

How many liters of air does a person breathe through the mouth during exercise?

Answer 8

Approximately 20 to 30 per minute.

Question 9

Bronchioles

Answer 9

The smallest tubes that supply air to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs.

Question 10

How many alveoli do the lungs contain?

Answer 10

Approximately 300 million

Question 11

Mediastinum

Answer 11

The portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs.

Question 12

What organs does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 12

1. Heart
2. Aorta
3. Esophagus
4. Part of the Trachea

Question 13

What is the most important muscle of inspiration?

The only skeletal muscle considered essential for life?

Answer 13

Diagphram

Question 14

Inspiration

Answer 14

The drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation.

Question 15

Thorax

Answer 15

The portion of the trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck.

Question 16

Expiration

Answer 16

The act of expelling air from the lungs; exhalation.

Question 17

What accessory muscles are recruited, during physical activity, to help with inhalation?

Answer 17

1. Pectoralis Minor
2. Scalenes
3. Sternocleidomastoid

Question 18

What are the important muscles of exhalation?

Answer 18

1. Rectus Abdominis
2. Internal Obliques
3. Serratus Posterior
4. Internal Intercostals

Question 19

Regular endurance exercise increases the oxidative capacity of respiratory muscles, which improves respiratory muscle endurance.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Why is respiratory muscle endurance important?

Answer 20

Respiratory muscles have been shown to fatigue with exercise, adversely affecting the ability to breathe during both moderate-and high-intensity activities.

Question 21

Improving respiratory muscle endurance enhances exercise performance at various intensities.

Answer 21

TRUE