Essentials of Exercise: Ch. 1 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What makes up the cardiovascular or circulatory systerm?
- Heart
- Blood Vessels
- Blood
Arteries
A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to vital organs and the extremities.
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system. They connect the arterial and venous systems.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from vital organs and the extremities.
What is the fluid component of blood?
Plasma
Plasma
The liquid portion of blood.
Hormones
A chemical substance produced and released by an endocrine gland and transported through the blood to a a target organ.
Amino Acids
Nitrogen-containing compounds that are the building blocks of protein.
Carbohydrates
The body’s preferred energy sources. Dietary sources include sugars (simple)and grains, rice, potatoes, and beans (complex).
Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood glucose.
Lipids
The name for fats used in the body and bloodstream.
Ion
A single atom or small molecule containing a net positive or negative charge due to an excess of either protons (positive) or electrons (negative).
Platelets
One of the disc-shaped components of the blood; involved in the clotting.
What three categories of blood vessels are there?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
Arterioles
Small-diameter blood vessels that extend and branch out from an artery and lead to capillaries; the primary site of vascular resistance.
Venules
Smaller divisions of veins.
Aorta
The major artery of the cardiovascular system; arises from the left ventricle of the heart.
Arteriosclerosis
A chronic disease in which thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls result in impaired blood circulation; develops with aging, and in hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions.
Interstitial Fluid
Fluid between the cells or body parts.
What are the right chambers of the heart responsible for?
Pulmonary Circulation
What are the left chambers of the heart responsible for?
Systemic Circulation
Ventricles
The two lower chambers of the heart (right and left ventricles).
Atrium
The two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atrium).
Pulmonary Circuit
The circulatory vessels of the lungs; involved in the circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart.
Systemic Circuit
The circulatory vessels of the body.
Systole
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.
Diastole
The period of filling the heart between contractions; resting phase of the heart.
Cardiac Cycle
The period from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next heart beat; the systolic and diastolic phases and the interval in between.
