Essentials of Exercise: Ch. 1 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What makes up the cardiovascular or circulatory systerm?

Answer 1

1. Heart
2. Blood Vessels
3. Blood

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to vital organs and the extremities.

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

The smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system. They connect the arterial and venous systems.

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from vital organs and the extremities.

Question 5

What is the fluid component of blood?

Answer 5

Plasma

Question 6

Plasma

Answer 6

The liquid portion of blood.

Question 7

Hormones

Answer 7

A chemical substance produced and released by an endocrine gland and transported through the blood to a a target organ.

Question 8

Amino Acids

Answer 8

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are the building blocks of protein.

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

The body’s preferred energy sources. Dietary sources include sugars (simple)and grains, rice, potatoes, and beans (complex).

Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood glucose.

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

The name for fats used in the body and bloodstream.

Question 11

Ion

Answer 11

A single atom or small molecule containing a net positive or negative charge due to an excess of either protons (positive) or electrons (negative).

Question 12

Platelets

Answer 12

One of the disc-shaped components of the blood; involved in the clotting.

Question 13

What three categories of blood vessels are there?

Answer 13

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 14

Arterioles

Answer 14

Small-diameter blood vessels that extend and branch out from an artery and lead to capillaries; the primary site of vascular resistance.

Question 15

Venules

Answer 15

Smaller divisions of veins.

Question 16

Aorta

Answer 16

The major artery of the cardiovascular system; arises from the left ventricle of the heart.

Question 17

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 17

A chronic disease in which thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls result in impaired blood circulation; develops with aging, and in hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions.

Question 18

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 18

Fluid between the cells or body parts.

Question 19

What are the right chambers of the heart responsible for?

Answer 19

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 20

What are the left chambers of the heart responsible for?

Answer 20

Systemic Circulation

Question 21

Ventricles

Answer 21

The two lower chambers of the heart (right and left ventricles).

Question 22

Atrium

Answer 22

The two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atrium).

Question 23

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 23

The circulatory vessels of the lungs; involved in the circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart.

Question 24

Systemic Circuit

Answer 24

The circulatory vessels of the body.

Question 25

Systole

Answer 25

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

Question 26

Diastole

Answer 26

The period of filling the heart between contractions; resting phase of the heart.

Question 27

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 27

The period from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next heart beat; the systolic and diastolic phases and the interval in between.