Pt 2: Chapter 13 Vocab

Question 1

An official who presides at a trial-like administrative hearing to settle a dispute between an agency and someone adversely affected by a decision of that agency

Answer 1

Administrative law judge

Question 2

The tendency of bureaucrats to place the interests of their agency ahead of the priorities sought by the president or Congress

Answer 2

Agency point of view

Question 3

The process through which annual federal spending and revenue determinations are made

Answer 3

Budgetary process

Question 4

A system of organization and control based on the principles of hierarchical authority, job specialization, and formalized rules

Answer 4

Bureaucracy

Question 5

The degree to which bureaucrats are held accountable for the power they exercise

Answer 5

Bureaucratic accountability

Question 6

The major administrative organizations within the federal executive bureaucracy, each of which is headed by a secretary or, in the case of Justice, the attorney general. Each has responsibility for a major function of the federal government, such as defense, agriculture, or justice

Answer 6

Cabinet (executive) departments

Question 7

Special interest groups that benefit directly from the activities of a particular bureaucratic agency and therefore are strong advocates of the agency

Answer 7

Clientele groups

Question 8

The idea what the bureaucracy will be more responsive to the public if its employees at all levels are demographically representative of the population as a whole

Answer 8

Demographic representatives

Question 9

A basic principle of bureaucracy that refers to the standardized procedures and established regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its operations

Answer 9

Formalized rules

Question 10

Governmental bodies, such as the US postal service and Amtrak, that are similar to private corporations in that they charge for their services but differ in that they receive federal funding to help defray expenses. Their directors are appointed by the president with Senate approval

Answer 10

Government corporations

Question 11

A basic principle of bureaucracy that refers to the chain of command within an organization whereby officials and units have control over those below them

Answer 11

Hierarchical authority

Question 12

Bureaucratic agencies that are similar to cabinet departments but usually have a narrower area of responsibility. Each such agency is headed by a presidential appointee who is not a cabinet member. An example is NASA

Answer 12

Independent agencies

Question 13

A basic principle of bureaucracy holding that the responsibilities of each job position should be defined explicitly and that a precise division of labor within the organization should be maintained

Answer 13

Job specialization

Question 14

An approach to managing the bureaucracy whereby people are appointed to government positions on the basis of either competitive examinations or special qualifications, such as professional training

Answer 14

Merit system

Question 15

The administrative objective of a merit-based bureaucracy

Answer 15

Neutral competence

Question 16

An approach to managing the bureaucracy whereby people are appointed to important government positions as a reward for political services they have rendered and because of their partisan loyalty

Answer 16

Patronage system

Question 17

The primary function of the bureaucracy, it refers to the process of carrying out the authoritative decisions of Congress, the president, and the courts

Answer 17

Policy implementation

Question 18

Organizations within the bureaucracy that are headed by commissioners appointed by the president. An example is the Commission on Civil Rights

Answer 18

Presidential commissions

Question 19

Administrative units, such as the Federal Communications Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency,that have responsibility for the monitoring and regulation of ongoing economic activities

Answer 19

Regulatory agencies

Question 20

Top-level career civil servants who qualify through a competitive process to receive higher salaries than their peers but who can be assigned or transferred by order of the president

Answer 20

Senior Executive Service (SES)

Question 21

The practice of granting public office to individuals in return for political favors they have rendered.

Answer 21

Spoils system

Question 22

An internal check on the bureaucracy whereby employees report instances of mismanagement that they observe.

Answer 22

Whistleblowing