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POLY SCI 201 > Chapter 2 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

A useful starting point for the study of American political system and its founding

A

The French and Indian War

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2
Q

Key points of French and Indian War?

A

Colonists identified as British still. The war left Britain in a budget crisis that lead to taxes on colonists.

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3
Q

The French and Indian War led to what?

A

Townshend Act

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4
Q

Why did the tax on tea remain in the Townshend Act?

A

To show Colonists that Britain was still in charge

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5
Q

What happened after the “shot heard round the world”?

A

Colonies called the 1st Continental Congress

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6
Q

Result of colonies calling 1st Continental Congress in Sept. 5 1774?

A

British troops and colonial minutemen engaged at Lexington in Concord —> Revolutionary War

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7
Q

What happened as a result of the 2nd Continental Congress?

A

Treaty of Paris

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8
Q

After Treaty of Paris?

A

The Declaration of Independence

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9
Q

Who wrote Common Sense

A

Thomas Paine

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10
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

A

July 4, 1776

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11
Q

The Declaration of Independence had a heavy influence from who? What values?

A

John Locke

republicanism, value of self, property, etc

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12
Q

Relatively strong state governments

A

Articles of Confederation

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13
Q

Who was the first president of the United States in congress assembled?

A

Samuel Huntington

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14
Q

Showed that the national government was too weak under the articles of confederation?

A

Shay’s rebellion

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15
Q

The constitutional convention of 1787 established? What was it from?

A

A two chamber congress. The Great Compromise

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16
Q

Two chambers but both based on state population James Madison

A

The Virginia Plan

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17
Q

Only one chamber, one state, one vote

A

The New Jersey Plan

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18
Q

The Constitutional convention of 1787 also included what compromise?

A

Three-fifths compromise

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19
Q

Who first ratified the Constitution?

A

Deleware

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20
Q

When did the Constitution become effective? With what ratification?

A

June 21, 1788. New Hampshire

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21
Q

What two states barely passed Constitution?

A

New York and Virginia

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22
Q

The people who signed on and wrote the Consitution

A

Federalists

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23
Q

The people not present and did not support ratification of the Constitution?

A

Anti- federalists

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24
Q

Promised during the campaign of 1788 and ensured all states would accept

A

Bill of Rights.

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25
Q

When did the Constitution become “effective”?

A

June 21, 1788

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26
Q

Before the constitution what experiences did the colonials have with democratic institutions?

A

English Parliament and colonial charters

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27
Q

The “rights of englishmen” included?

A

Trial by jury

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28
Q

What act was repealed before the constitution?

A

Stamp Act

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29
Q

The Declaration of Independence was a call to?

A

Revolution- liberty, equality, individual rights, self-government, lawful powers

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30
Q

The Declaration of Independence used the philosophies of?

A

John Locke.

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31
Q

Two philosophies of John Locke?

A
  1. Inalienable (natural) rights

2. Social contract

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32
Q

Government has responsibility to preserve rights

A

Social contract

33
Q

Who?
“Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
“All men are created equal”
Just powers derived from the consent of the governed

A

Thomas Jefferson

34
Q

When were the articles of confederation adopted?

A

Revolutionary War

35
Q

The Articles of Confederation prohibited Congress from doing what 2 things and created a weak national govt

A
  1. Prohibited Congress from interfering in states’ commerce policies
  2. Prohibited Congress from taxation
36
Q

What motivated Congress to authorize a convention in Philadelphia to revise Articles of Confederation?

A

Shays Rebellion

37
Q

Father of the Constitution

A

James Madison

38
Q

What two questions did James Madison have to answer when framing the Constitution?

A
  1. Congress, how will we elect representatives?

2. Issue of slavery and slave trade

39
Q
  • Representation based on population number

- Greater power to larger states

A

Virginia (large-state) plan

40
Q
  • Each state would have one vote

- Equal power to large and small states

A

New Jersey (small state) plan

41
Q

The Great Compromise, a two-chamber Congress, is set up like what?

A
  • House of Representatives: proportional representation

- Senate: equal representation

42
Q

Three fifths of enslaved population counted for apportionment of taxes and political represenation

A

Great Compromise

43
Q

Which essays came first? What were the signatures on them?

A

Anti-federalist papers

- Brutus, Cato

44
Q

What did the federalists sign their papers as?

A

Publius

45
Q

In the ratification debate, what were the Anti-federalists concerned?

A

The national government would be too powerful and that state self-government and personal liberty would be at risk

46
Q

Who wrote the Federalists Papers?

A

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

47
Q

The framers goals

A
  • Government strong enough to meet the country’s needs
  • Government not threatening existence of the separate states
  • Government not threatening liberty
  • Government based on popular consent
48
Q
  • Limit government by stating specific powers in the Constitution
  • Total of seventeen powers
A

Grants of power

49
Q
  • Limit government by stating specific prohibitions in the Constitution
  • Constitution difficult to amend
A

Denials of power

50
Q

What did Madison’s Federalist No. 10 address?

A

The problem of overbearing majorities

51
Q

What was the framers’ special contribution to using power to offset power?

A

Separate but overlapping government

52
Q

Separate institutions sharing power

A

Checks and balances

53
Q

Congress checked by president, Supreme Court

A

Shared legislative powers

54
Q

President checked by Congress, Supreme Court

A

Shared executive powers

55
Q

Courts checked by president, Congress

A

Shared judicial powers

56
Q
  • Limits powers of government

- First 10 amendments to Constitution

A

Bill of Rights

57
Q

Courts determine if governmental institution is acting within its constitutional powers

A

Judicial Review

58
Q

Who established Judicial Review? From what court case?

A

Chief Justice John Marshall in Marbury vs. Madison

59
Q

Why did the framers favor a republic over a democracy?

A
  • Framers feared the overbearing power of the majority in a democracy
  • Framers preferred the concept of a republic, where people rule through elected representatives
  • Majority rule in a republic is limited to protect minority rights
60
Q

Limited popular rule:

  • People participate indirectly in the process of government through?
  • Indirect election of president through?
  • Indirect (initially) election of ?
  • Federal judiciary is ?
A
  • Election of officials
  • Electoral college
  • Election of Senators
  • Federal judiciary appointed, not elected
61
Q

Power gained through elections to be exercised in accordance with law and with due respect for individual rights

A

Constitutional

62
Q

Provides for majority influence via elections

A

Democratic

63
Q

Mix of deliberative institutions, each of which moderates the power of the others

A

Republic

64
Q

Who were the founding fathers? (6)

A
  • Washington
  • Adams
  • Jefferson
  • Madison
  • Franklin
  • Hamilton
65
Q

Commander in chief of continental army from 1775-1783

A

Washington

66
Q

Washington had what political stance?

A

Not a member of a political party but supported Federalist ideas

67
Q

First Vice President

A

Adams

68
Q

Adams:

  • Member of what party?
  • First?
A
  • Federalist party

- First VP

69
Q

Who wrote Thoughts on Gov’t (1776)

A

Adams

70
Q

What did Adams have to say about the VP post?

A

“This is the most unimportant position human ever made”

71
Q

VP to Adams?

A

Jefferson

72
Q

Jefferson:

  • Member of what party?
  • Wrote what?
  • Founded what?
A
  • Democratic-Republican party
  • Wrote Declaration of Independence
  • Founded UVA
73
Q

“Father of the Constitution”

A

Madison

74
Q

Madison:

  • Wrote what? With what pen name?
  • Member of what party?
A
  • The Federalist Papers (Publius)

- Democratic-Republican party

75
Q

Who supported a strong central government?

A

Hamilton

76
Q

Hamilton:

  • Member of what party?
  • Wrote?
A
  • Federalist party

- The Federalist Papers

77
Q

Who had a role in electing Jefferson president over Aaron Burr - 12th amendment which resulted in a bitter duel?

A

Hamilton

78
Q

“All hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately”

A

Franklin

79
Q

Franklin:

  • Ambassador to ?
  • Eldest ?
A
  • France

- Statesman

POLY SCI 201 (36 decks)

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