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POLY SCI 201 > Chapter 1 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

The systematic study of government and politics, can increase ability to think politically

A

Political science

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2
Q

What are the basis of our national identity?

A

American ideals

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3
Q

Widely shared and deep-seated beliefs of its people about politics

A

Political culture

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4
Q

Thou “shall” or “shalt” not

A

Normative structure

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5
Q

Freedom to act and think as one chooses but no infringement on freedom of others

A

Liberty

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6
Q

All individuals equal in worth, legal treatment, and political voice

A

Equality

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7
Q

People are ultimate source of governing authority

A

Popular consent

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8
Q

People can achieve self sufficiency and material success

A

Individualism

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9
Q

Americans = one people in an invisible Union

A

Unity

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10
Q

Respect for individual and group differences -> national strength

A

Diversity

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11
Q

Value: Individuals should be free to act as they choose
Tradition: Unsettled land fostered freedom through migration, many fled Europe to escape religious persecution

A

Liberty

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12
Q

Value: Government’s role is to serve the people
Tradition: Tocqueville: Americans’ chief aim is to remain their own masters

A

Individualism

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13
Q

Value: Contrast- European aristocratic privilege versus American equal treatment under the law
Tradition: Perplexing ideal in the early years of the nation- some were free while others were enslaved

A

Equality

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14
Q

Value and tradition: American colonials had substantial self determination
Vision of a nation with powers from the consent of the governed

A

Self government

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15
Q

America’s cultural beliefs are?

A

Idealistic

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16
Q

“Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel”

A

S. Johnson

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17
Q

Political conflict develops for what two reasons?

A
  1. Scarcity of resources

2. Competing values

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18
Q

Process through which a society settles conflict

A

Politics

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19
Q

To have power, in a government context, means?

A

To control public policy

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20
Q

A course of action followed by the government

A

Public policy

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21
Q

The means by which society settles its conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs

A

Politics

22
Q

The ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments

A

Power

23
Q

Controlled by a small group

A

Oligarchy

24
Q

Autocracy

A

Controlled by an individual

25
Q

The preference of special interests largely determine what government does

A

Pluralism

26
Q

The recognized right of officials to exercise power

A

Authority

27
Q

Represses opposition through intimidation, restriction of rights, and even imprisonment and physical abuse

A

Authoritarian government

28
Q

Authority is the recognition of

A

Power

29
Q

System in which the people govern, by direct or representative means. In practice, majority rule through the free and open election of representatives

A

Democratic system

30
Q

The majority effective determines what government does

A

Majoritianism

31
Q

Government ruled by groups, not necessary for the public benefit

A

Pluralism

32
Q

A well positioned few manipulate the political process

A

Elitism

33
Q

Power of high level administrators -> policy decisions

A

Bureaucracy

34
Q

What is America’s political system like?

A

Parts are delet ate
Parts connect with eachother
Parts affect and interact with eachother
Dynamic system, changing as needed

35
Q

What are the 5 overriding tendencies of the American political system?

A
  1. Enduring cultural ideals
  2. Fragmentation of governance based on checks and balances
  3. Competition between diverse groups
  4. Emphasis on individual rights and responsibilities
  5. Economic + political decision making separate -> economic issues out of political control
36
Q

A system based on rule of law

A

Constitutionalism

37
Q

An economic system that centers on the transactions between private parties, empowers business firms and the wealthy

A

Free market

38
Q
  • lays down the files and restricts/defines lawful uses of power
  • protects rights of the minority
A

Constitutionalism

39
Q

3 parts of the constitutional system?

A

The Constitution, elaborate checks and balances, Bill of Rights

40
Q

Idea that there are lawful restrictions on governments power

A

Constitutionalism

41
Q

Operates mainly on private transactions. Some government regulation through regulatory, taxing, and spending policies

A

Free market system

42
Q

Influence firms have over policy makers

A

Corporate power

43
Q

Power exercised by the influential few

A

Elitism

44
Q

Government has large regulating role in economy

A

Socialism

45
Q

Government owns most or all of industry. Well beyond regulation.

A

Communism

46
Q

Government does not interfere in economy except when necessary

A

Capitalism

47
Q

Outlined the Social Contract:

  • a basis for legitimate political order
  • sovereignty in the hands of the people, including the making of laws, opposed to representation
A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

48
Q

Key ideas:

  • the value of self: human nature characterized by reason and tolerance
  • value and property: although limited, the right to accumulate and attain should be vigorously protected
  • a right to rebel and replace failing govt
A

John Locke

49
Q

Wrote Democracy in America:
- balance of liberty and equality: didn’t support individualism but believed Am democracy created an opportunity for the coming together for a common purpose

A

Alexis de Tocqueville

50
Q

Involves the careful gathering and sifting of information to form a knowledgeable view about a political issue. Important for responsible citizenship.

A

Political thinking

POLY SCI 201 (36 decks)

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