Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

Refers to programs designed to ensure that women, minorities, and other traditionally disadvantaged groups have full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas of life

Answer 1

Affirmative action

Question 2

The right of every person to equal protection under the laws and equal access to society’s opportunities and public facilities

Answer 2

Civil rights

Question 3

Discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from social, economic, and cultural biases and conditions

Answer 3

De facto discrimination

Question 4

Discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from a law

Answer 4

De jure discrimination

Question 5

A clause of the 14th amendment that forbids any state to deny equal protection of the laws to any individual within its jurisdiction

Answer 5

Equal-protection clause

Question 6

See: civil rights

Answer 6

Equal rights

Question 7

A test applied by courts to laws that treat individuals unequally. Such a law may be deemed constitutional if its purpose is held to be reasonably related to a legitimate government interest

Answer 7

Reasonable-bias test

Question 8

A test applied by courts to laws that attempt a racial or an ethnic classification. In effect, this eliminates race or ethnicity as legal classification when it places minority-group members at a disadvantage

Answer 8

Strict-scrutiny test

Question 9

Legal classifications, such as race and national origin, that have invidious discrimination as their purpose and therefore are unconstitutional

Answer 9

Suspect classifications

Question 10

Refusing to grant mortgage loans in certain neighborhoods, typically those with large black populations

Answer 10

Redlining