Psychopathology- The Cognitive Approach To Treating Depression Flashcards
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) -
A method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques. From the cognitive viewpoint the therapy aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts. The therapy also includes behavioural techniques such as behavioural activation.
Irrational thoughts -
Also called dysfunctional thoughts. In Ellis’s model and therapy, these are defined as thoughts that are likely to interfere with a person’s happiness. Such dysfunctional thoughts lead to mental disorders such as depression.
What is CBT used for?
CBT is the most commonly used psychological treatment for depression and a range of other mental health problems.
How does CBT begin?
CBT begins with an assessment, where the patient and therapist work together to identify problems, set goals, and create a plan.
What is the primary focus of CBT?
CBT focuses on identifying and changing negative or irrational thoughts and implementing more effective behaviors.
What is Beck’s cognitive therapy?
Beck’s cognitive therapy is based on identifying negative automatic thoughts about the world, self, and future, known as the negative triad, and challenging them.
What does the therapist do in Beck’s cognitive therapy?
The therapist helps the patient identify and challenge negative thoughts. Patients may also record positive experiences to test their negative beliefs.
What is the “patient as scientist” concept?
This concept encourages patients to gather evidence, like recording positive events, to test the validity of their negative beliefs.
What is REBT and how does it differ from Beck’s therapy?
REBT extends Beck’s ABC model by adding D (Dispute) and E (Effect), focusing on disputing irrational thoughts.
How are irrational beliefs challenged in REBT?
REBT challenges irrational beliefs through empirical arguments (evidence-based) and logical arguments (questioning if beliefs logically follow).
What is the role of vigorous argument in REBT?
Vigorous argument is a hallmark of REBT, where therapists actively dispute negative beliefs, like utopianism, to break the link between negative events and depression.
What is behavioral activation in CBT?
It encourages patients to engage in enjoyable activities, providing more evidence against their irrational beliefs and helping reduce depressive symptoms.
Is CBT effective?
Yes, CBT is supported by evidence showing its effectiveness in treating depression. For example, March et al. (2007) found CBT was as effective as antidepressants.
How does CBT compare to other treatments?
CBT is as effective as medication and can also be used alongside it for better results.
Why is CBT recommended as a first-choice treatment?
Because of its proven effectiveness, CBT is often recommended as the first-line treatment in public health systems like the NHS.
When might CBT not work?
CBT may not work in severe depression, where patients are too unmotivated or unable to engage with therapy. In such cases, antidepressants may be used first.
Can CBT be the sole treatment for all cases of depression?
No, CBT may not be suitable for all cases, especially severe ones, where medication might be necessary before starting CBT.
How important is the therapist-patient relationship in CBT?
Rosenzweig (1936) suggested that the success of psychotherapy may be more about the therapist-patient relationship than specific techniques used. Many studies show small differences between therapies, indicating that the relationship itself may be key.
Do some patients prefer to explore their past in therapy?
Yes, while CBT focuses on the present and future, some patients want to explore the link between their childhood and current depression, which can be frustrating if not addressed.
Does CBT overemphasize cognition?
There is a concern that CBT may downplay external factors, such as a patient’s living conditions, which might need to be addressed in therapy, especially if the patient is experiencing poverty or abuse.
Can CBT demotivate patients to change their circumstances?
Yes, if CBT overly emphasizes cognitive changes without addressing a patient’s environment, it can prevent them from taking steps to change their external situation.