Psychopathology Flashcards
What is statistical infrequency and how does it explain abnormalities?
If something is infrequent then it is rare or uncommon which means it is abnormal as it is normally not seen much in the general population
What is deviation from social norms?
Behaviour or thinking that is seen as abnormal e.g. schizophrenics may break a norm as their irrational thoughts made them do it.
What is Failure to function adequately (FTFA)
Behaviours that are associated with not functioning adequately.
- Personal distress
- Maladaptive Behaviour
- Irrational beliefs or thoughts
- unpredictability or loss of control
- Observer discomfort
- Violation of moral standards
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Uses Jahoda’s criteria which focuses on ideal mental health behaviours such as:
positive attitudes on potential and ones self, stress resistance, normal perception of reality, hygiene and adapting to the environment
What is Classical and Operant conditioning?
Classical is learning through association (phobias of something are usually associated with danger.
Operant is behaviour that is maintained through positive, negative reinforcement and punishment.
What is the Little Albert study?
Used classical conditioning to make Little Albert associate Phobia with danger, this research found that phobias are usually caused through classical conditioning
What happens in systematic desensitisation?
- Anxiety hierarchy - How much anxiety is produced in forms of a phobia
- Relaxation - Learn techniques to relax in stressful situations
- Gradual Exposure to phobia
What is Flooding?
exhausting your fear response by being put into a room to face your phobia.
What is Ellis’s ABC Model?
Activation - event that changes a persons thoughts
Beliefs - understanding may change and become irrational
Consequences - Feelings and behaviours change due to irrational beliefs
What is Beck’s Negative Triad?
Negative view of the world –> negative view of the future –> negative view of self
Triad representing negative views of depression
Explain the process Of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
Cognitive stage - identify clients thinking process to find irrational beliefs and thoughts to challenge those beliefs
Behavioural - Give client tasks to challenge irrational beliefs and help them identify their own irrational beliefs
What are the Genes associated with OCD?
COMT Gene - Higher than normal levels of dopamine released to regulate mood
SERT Gene - Lower amount of Serotonin which is used to calm the nervous system therefore less serotonin increases anxiety.
What is the neural Explanation of OCD?
In Brain scans people with OCD are seen to have more active brains which is abnormal in the frontal lobe and the parahippocampal gyrus in the left
What is the biological treatment for OCD
SSRI and drugs block reuptake of serotonin across the synapse which is then sent to the neuron to stimulate activity.
