Psychology Social Influence

Question 1

What is conformity?

Answer 1

Where we change our behaviour to fit into the group

Question 2

What is NSI and ISI

Answer 2

Normative - changing behaviour to fit into the group

Informational - changing or following someone as you think they hold more knowledge than you

Question 3

What is compliance

Answer 3

Accept publicly not privately

Changing behaviour by comparing yourself to another person to stop disapproval

Question 4

What is internalisation

Answer 4

Changing behaviour publicly and privately as you believe it is right

Question 5

What is identification

Answer 5

Changing behaviour to fit into a group. Accept publicly not privately

Question 6

What was Aschs study and what were the results?

Answer 6

Line test study to test Conformity to the group. 75% conformed on one trial

Question 7

What is population validity?

Answer 7

Not accurate to social reality as it doesn’t fully represent the population e.g. Not including females

Question 8

What is temporal validity?

Answer 8

Not accurate to social reality as the research is old or done at a unusual time e.g. Cold war era America had more conformity

Question 9

What is ecological validity?

Answer 9

Not accurate to socially realistic situations

Question 10

What is informed consent?

Answer 10

When the participant is fully informed about the study

Question 11

What is protection from harm?

Answer 11

Protecting from mental and physical harm

Question 12

What is deception?

Answer 12

When a person is misguided from the actual purpose of the study

Question 13

What is zimbardos study

Answer 13

Study into social influence where people were arrested from their homes and conformed to social roles, the study stopped due to severe harm

Question 14

What is the agentic state?

Answer 14

Where a person sees themselves as an agent carrying out another’s wish

Question 15

What is legitimate authority?

Answer 15

Person in a position of social control

Question 16

What was milgrams study

Answer 16

Shock test where shocks were done on a learner who answered wrong. All went to 300v, 65% got to 450v, learner gradually got stressed until “death”

Question 17

What was hoflings study?

Answer 17

Administering Lethal doses when instructed to. 95% obeyed

Question 18

What is proximity, location and uniform

Answer 18

Variables on obedience
Proximity - how close the authority figure is to the person
Location - the situation and environment that affected obedience
Uniform - the outfit that made someone stand out as an authority figure

Question 19

What is the authoritarian personality?

Answer 19

A personality with high respect and obedience to authority figures, submissive.

Question 20

What is the dispositional explanation?

Answer 20

Behaviour that is influenced by individual personality

Question 21

What is adorno’s F scale study on personality?

Answer 21

2000 middle class white Americans do a questionnaire which found the authoritarian personality had strong stereotyping, submissiveness and prejudice in their attitudes.

Question 22

What is resistance to social influence and what are the types?

Answer 22

Withstanding pressure to conform
Social support - not conforming because someone else is going against the majority
Locus of control - what directs events in our lives

Question 23

What are the types of LOC

Answer 23

Internal - resist pressure as you believe it is your own responsibility
External - conform to pressure as it is not your responsibility

Question 24

What is moscovici study on minority influence?

Answer 24

Study to see if flexible, committed and constant minority would convince people to conform to their beliefs. Green slide test, 32% conformed once

Question 25

What is social crypto amnesia?

Answer 25

Knowing change has happened but not when it happened

Question 26

What is augmentation?

Answer 26

People risk themselves for change e.g rosa parks

Question 27

What is The ao3 for Asch study and the variations of conformity

Answer 27

Aschs study lacks temporal validity
Hard to determine larger group sizes affecting conformity as no conformity studies did it with over 9 participants
Confederate behaviour struggled to be convincing whilst giving the wrong answer (lacks validity)
Controlled environment - replicable however lacks validity and struggles to be generalised
Deception
Culture bias (western) research suggests collectivist cultures are more conforming
Gender bias

Question 28

What is the a03 for types of conformity?

Answer 28

struggle to differentiate compliance with internalisation as we do not know if it can be accepted privately
Real life application shows conforming has shaped behaviours e.g views towards smoking
Normative influence may not be detected as participants dont recognise others as influencing their behaviour
conformity has a greater influence on social influences especially subjective opinions

Question 29

what is the a03 for obedience and the agentic state

Answer 29

Research says the agentic shift is built over time to exposure to complying towards orders (german doctors became more obedient the longer they did bad things)
Are people obeying to authority or is it just personal cruelty towards others
In real life obedience people it is actually recorded that people forget their own moral values to obey an authority figure
Research suggests that agentic state is caused by the loss of personal control in a situation
Study on pilots involved in plane crashes found that the captain of the aircraft was a legitimate authority figure that would make others obey into following their orders despite the consequences

Question 30

What is the a03 for variations regarding obedience

Answer 30

Research shows that participants would not believe they were delivering shocks due to lack of realism within the procedure
High temporal validity as recent studies like milgram produce close to the same results
Police Batallion 101 in Poland - Despite the authority figure being far away and victims are close only a small minority did not obey the commander
Milgram lacks validity as the scientific nature of his experiment encouraged obedience
Research support shows children believe people who wear police uniforms are more likely to be actual police officers

Question 31

What are the processes in social change

Answer 31

Draw attention to the issue

cognitive conflict across the majority to choose which side of the argument

consistency of the argument demonstrated by minority

Augmentation principle - people sacrifice for change

snowball effect - minority argument starts getting bigger and bigger until it promotes change