Psychology Social Influence Flashcards
What is conformity?
Where we change our behaviour to fit into the group
What is NSI and ISI
Normative - changing behaviour to fit into the group
Informational - changing or following someone as you think they hold more knowledge than you
What is compliance
Accept publicly not privately
Changing behaviour by comparing yourself to another person to stop disapproval
What is internalisation
Changing behaviour publicly and privately as you believe it is right
What is identification
Changing behaviour to fit into a group. Accept publicly not privately
What was Aschs study and what were the results?
Line test study to test Conformity to the group. 75% conformed on one trial
What is population validity?
Not accurate to social reality as it doesn’t fully represent the population e.g. Not including females
What is temporal validity?
Not accurate to social reality as the research is old or done at a unusual time e.g. Cold war era America had more conformity
What is ecological validity?
Not accurate to socially realistic situations
What is informed consent?
When the participant is fully informed about the study
What is protection from harm?
Protecting from mental and physical harm
What is deception?
When a person is misguided from the actual purpose of the study
What is zimbardos study
Study into social influence where people were arrested from their homes and conformed to social roles, the study stopped due to severe harm
What is the agentic state?
Where a person sees themselves as an agent carrying out another’s wish
What is legitimate authority?
Person in a position of social control
What was milgrams study
Shock test where shocks were done on a learner who answered wrong. All went to 300v, 65% got to 450v, learner gradually got stressed until “death”
What was hoflings study?
Administering Lethal doses when instructed to. 95% obeyed
What is proximity, location and uniform
Variables on obedience
Proximity - how close the authority figure is to the person
Location - the situation and environment that affected obedience
Uniform - the outfit that made someone stand out as an authority figure
What is the authoritarian personality?
A personality with high respect and obedience to authority figures, submissive.
What is the dispositional explanation?
Behaviour that is influenced by individual personality
What is adorno’s F scale study on personality?
2000 middle class white Americans do a questionnaire which found the authoritarian personality had strong stereotyping, submissiveness and prejudice in their attitudes.
What is resistance to social influence and what are the types?
Withstanding pressure to conform
Social support - not conforming because someone else is going against the majority
Locus of control - what directs events in our lives
What are the types of LOC
Internal - resist pressure as you believe it is your own responsibility
External - conform to pressure as it is not your responsibility
What is moscovici study on minority influence?
Study to see if flexible, committed and constant minority would convince people to conform to their beliefs. Green slide test, 32% conformed once
What is social crypto amnesia?
Knowing change has happened but not when it happened
What is augmentation?
People risk themselves for change e.g rosa parks
What is The ao3 for Asch study and the variations of conformity
Aschs study lacks temporal validity
Hard to determine larger group sizes affecting conformity as no conformity studies did it with over 9 participants
Confederate behaviour struggled to be convincing whilst giving the wrong answer (lacks validity)
Controlled environment - replicable however lacks validity and struggles to be generalised
Deception
Culture bias (western) research suggests collectivist cultures are more conforming
Gender bias
What is the a03 for types of conformity?
struggle to differentiate compliance with internalisation as we do not know if it can be accepted privately
Real life application shows conforming has shaped behaviours e.g views towards smoking
Normative influence may not be detected as participants dont recognise others as influencing their behaviour
conformity has a greater influence on social influences especially subjective opinions
what is the a03 for obedience and the agentic state
Research says the agentic shift is built over time to exposure to complying towards orders (german doctors became more obedient the longer they did bad things)
Are people obeying to authority or is it just personal cruelty towards others
In real life obedience people it is actually recorded that people forget their own moral values to obey an authority figure
Research suggests that agentic state is caused by the loss of personal control in a situation
Study on pilots involved in plane crashes found that the captain of the aircraft was a legitimate authority figure that would make others obey into following their orders despite the consequences
What is the a03 for variations regarding obedience
Research shows that participants would not believe they were delivering shocks due to lack of realism within the procedure
High temporal validity as recent studies like milgram produce close to the same results
Police Batallion 101 in Poland - Despite the authority figure being far away and victims are close only a small minority did not obey the commander
Milgram lacks validity as the scientific nature of his experiment encouraged obedience
Research support shows children believe people who wear police uniforms are more likely to be actual police officers
What are the processes in social change
Draw attention to the issue
cognitive conflict across the majority to choose which side of the argument
consistency of the argument demonstrated by minority
Augmentation principle - people sacrifice for change
snowball effect - minority argument starts getting bigger and bigger until it promotes change
