Psychology Attachment Flashcards
What is reciprocity
Similar action repeated that is not synced.
What is interactional synchrony?
Actions that are mirrored and repeated at the same time
What is meltzoff and moores research into caregiver relationships
Higher reciprocity meant better attachment, this was seen more in mothers. Investigated reciprocity in attachment figures.
What is schaffer and Emerson Glasgow longitudinal study and what stages of attachment did he find?
Studied advancement of attachment in children Asocial (0-6 weeks) - no stranger/separation anxiety, didn't prefer people Indiscriminate (6wk to 6month) - no stranger/separation anxiety, prefers certain company Specific attachment - evidence of stranger/separation anxiety Multiple attachments (10 to 11 months) certain behaviour towards people such as relatives like grandparents
What is lorenz study on imprinting in birds?
Geese imprint on the first moving object they see as an attachment figure
What is harlows monkeys
Monkeys that were tested which found the preferred comfort over food, these fake mothers also affected the monkeys negatively as they didn’t fully respond to the monkey
What is classical and operant conditioning?
Classical - learning through association e.g attachment is learned through classical conditioning
Operant - learning to repeat behaviour.
What is positive, negative reinforcement and punishment?
Positive - behaviour repeated as it is pleasant
Negative - behaviour is repeated to avoid something
Punishment - done to stop repeating behaviour
What is bowlbys evolutionary theory of attachment?
Key principles into successful attachment Monotropy Adaptive Imprinting Sensitive period Social release Secure base Internal working model Continuity hypothesis
What is monotropy
Hierarchy of attachments based on how much social releases they have
What is the sensitive period
2 and a half years needed to reach this, crucial period of attachment
What is secure base
Where the attachment figure is used as a safety spot to return to after exploring.
What is the internal working model
What a child learns in what to expect from a relationship (link to Lorenz love quiz)
What did Hazan and Shaver find in the love quiz
Your attachment affected your relationship
Secure - happy and trusting
Avoidant - didn’t want intamacy, mostly avoidant
Resistant - could not be comforted, didn’t trust partners
What was ainsworth strange situation study
Studied separation, stranger anxiety and reunion behaviour in attachment quality and types
What behaviour was shown in the strange situation
Secure - showed separation and stranger anxiety, comforted when reunited
Avoidant - lacked anxiety in strangers and separation, tried to avoid reunion
Resistant - high anxiety, not conformed when reunited
What is Van izjendoorn study into variations of attachment
Western countries had the most avoidant attachment types e.g. Germany
Eastern countries had the highest resistant attachment type
What was bowlby study on juvenile thieves
Long term maternal deprivation led to mental problems.
The affection less psychopath thieves had 86% early separation in the group
What was rutters study on institutionalisation (romanian orphans)
Children adopted later without an attachment figure or poor attachment formed disinhibited attachment such as attention seeking.
What was Robertson and bowlbys study on disruption of attachment
Stages of separation
Protest - great distress of anger and fear
Despair - apathetic, lost interest, comforted self
Detachment - detached from relationship with attachment figure and others, focus on environment
What is the a03 evaluation for Bowlby theory
Attachment is adaptive for species - monkeys need immediate attachment for survival whilst attachment begins for babies when they start to crawl
sensitive period due to attachment still being formed
Research suggests monotropy is more influential than multiple attachments
Research support for the continuity hypothesis show that securely attached children are very socially competent later in life
