Psychology Attachment

Question 1

What is reciprocity

Answer 1

Similar action repeated that is not synced.

Question 2

What is interactional synchrony?

Answer 2

Actions that are mirrored and repeated at the same time

Question 3

What is meltzoff and moores research into caregiver relationships

Answer 3

Higher reciprocity meant better attachment, this was seen more in mothers. Investigated reciprocity in attachment figures.

Question 4

What is schaffer and Emerson Glasgow longitudinal study and what stages of attachment did he find?

Answer 4

Studied advancement of attachment in children
Asocial (0-6 weeks) - no stranger/separation anxiety, didn't prefer people
Indiscriminate (6wk to 6month) - no stranger/separation anxiety, prefers certain company
Specific attachment - evidence of stranger/separation anxiety
Multiple attachments (10 to 11 months) certain behaviour towards people such as relatives like grandparents

Question 5

What is lorenz study on imprinting in birds?

Answer 5

Geese imprint on the first moving object they see as an attachment figure

Question 6

What is harlows monkeys

Answer 6

Monkeys that were tested which found the preferred comfort over food, these fake mothers also affected the monkeys negatively as they didn’t fully respond to the monkey

Question 7

What is classical and operant conditioning?

Answer 7

Classical - learning through association e.g attachment is learned through classical conditioning
Operant - learning to repeat behaviour.

Question 8

What is positive, negative reinforcement and punishment?

Answer 8

Positive - behaviour repeated as it is pleasant
Negative - behaviour is repeated to avoid something
Punishment - done to stop repeating behaviour

Question 9

What is bowlbys evolutionary theory of attachment?

Answer 9

Key principles into successful attachment
Monotropy
Adaptive
Imprinting
Sensitive period
Social release
Secure base
Internal working model
Continuity hypothesis

Question 10

What is monotropy

Answer 10

Hierarchy of attachments based on how much social releases they have

Question 11

What is the sensitive period

Answer 11

2 and a half years needed to reach this, crucial period of attachment

Question 12

What is secure base

Answer 12

Where the attachment figure is used as a safety spot to return to after exploring.

Question 13

What is the internal working model

Answer 13

What a child learns in what to expect from a relationship (link to Lorenz love quiz)

Question 14

What did Hazan and Shaver find in the love quiz

Answer 14

Your attachment affected your relationship
Secure - happy and trusting
Avoidant - didn’t want intamacy, mostly avoidant
Resistant - could not be comforted, didn’t trust partners

Question 15

What was ainsworth strange situation study

Answer 15

Studied separation, stranger anxiety and reunion behaviour in attachment quality and types

Question 16

What behaviour was shown in the strange situation

Answer 16

Secure - showed separation and stranger anxiety, comforted when reunited
Avoidant - lacked anxiety in strangers and separation, tried to avoid reunion
Resistant - high anxiety, not conformed when reunited

Question 17

What is Van izjendoorn study into variations of attachment

Answer 17

Western countries had the most avoidant attachment types e.g. Germany
Eastern countries had the highest resistant attachment type

Question 18

What was bowlby study on juvenile thieves

Answer 18

Long term maternal deprivation led to mental problems.

The affection less psychopath thieves had 86% early separation in the group

Question 19

What was rutters study on institutionalisation (romanian orphans)

Answer 19

Children adopted later without an attachment figure or poor attachment formed disinhibited attachment such as attention seeking.

Question 20

What was Robertson and bowlbys study on disruption of attachment

Answer 20

Stages of separation
Protest - great distress of anger and fear
Despair - apathetic, lost interest, comforted self
Detachment - detached from relationship with attachment figure and others, focus on environment

Question 21

What is the a03 evaluation for Bowlby theory

Answer 21

Attachment is adaptive for species - monkeys need immediate attachment for survival whilst attachment begins for babies when they start to crawl
sensitive period due to attachment still being formed
Research suggests monotropy is more influential than multiple attachments
Research support for the continuity hypothesis show that securely attached children are very socially competent later in life