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Measurement and Evaluation > Psychometric tests: intelligence and personality > Flashcards

Psychometric tests: intelligence and personality Flashcards

1
Q

intelligence test

A

a series of questions and the exercises which attempt to assess peoples mental abilities in a way that generates a numerical score, so that one person can be compared to another

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2
Q

intelligence is defined as

A

the ability acquire knowledge and skills

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3
Q

Alfred Binet

A

a lawyer, self taught in psychology

- created first widely used standardised test of intelligence

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4
Q

which scale did Alfred Binet create

A

an intelligent test called the Simon- Binet scale

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5
Q

Simon-Binet scale (french)

A

used to identify student who would benefit from remedial eduction

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6
Q

Galtons Anthropometric lab

A

broader movement to measure intelligence

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7
Q

downfalls of anthropometric lab

A
  • no consideration of test anxiety
  • validity- were they really measuring what they were aiming for
  • artificial and abstract
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8
Q

General intelligence

A

Charles Spearman performed a factor analysis of different skills and found that people who did well in one area also di well in another

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9
Q

Spearman suspected that individuals who did well in numerous areas had

A

high “g’

-GENERAL INTELLIGENCE

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10
Q

Factor analysis

A

refers to a statistical technique that determines how different variables relate to each other

-for example whether they form cluster that tend to vary together.

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11
Q

factor analysis

A

is a practical way in which a theory can be tested

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12
Q

Data reduction techniques (2)

A
  • Principle components analysis

- Exploratory factor analysis

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13
Q

Data reduction techniques: Principle components analysis

A

xxx

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14
Q

Multiple intelligences

A

Howard Gardner: the ‘savant syndrome’ refers to having isolated islands of high ability admit a sea of below- average cognitive and social functioning

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15
Q

David Weshler

A

Developed a a group of tests called: Intelligence PLS

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16
Q

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) measure

A

g (general intelligence) / IQ

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17
Q

subscore for Wechsler tests measuring “g”/ IQ

A
  • verbal comprehension
  • processing speed
  • perceptual organisation
  • working memory
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18
Q

fluid intelligence

A

refers to the ability to think quickly and abstractly

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19
Q

crystallised intelligence

A

refers to accumulated wisdom, knowledge, expertise and vocabulary

20
Q

problem with Wechsler test

A
  • performance anxiety

- educational and cultural biases

21
Q

why is the idea that intelligence is fit for life a disputed theory

A

since it is thought decision making improves, also frontal lobe continues to develop

22
Q

standardisation of tests

A

the test must be pre-tested to a representative sample of people and form a normal distribution

23
Q

what will a normal distribution look like

A

a bell curve

e.g. the peak = average

24
Q

The Flynn Effect and intelligence score

A

-score of intelligence test tends to drift upwards over time in a genetically stable population

25
Q

explain why The Flynn Effect shows intelligence scores drifting upwards over time in a genetically stable population

A
  • improvement in nutrition and early life development
  • correlation doesn’t mean causation
  • probs not a test related bias
26
Q

if you have a higher ID

A

you generally live longer, stay in education longer, earn more money and live longer- survival of the fittest???

27
Q

Personality is defined as

A

a persons internally based characteristic ways of acting and thinking

28
Q

Projective tests for personality

A

contains series of ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots, to which the test taker must respond about his perception of the stimuli

29
Q

example projective personality tests

A
  • Rorschach Inkblots test

- Thematic Apperception test (TAT)

30
Q

personality Inventories

A

designed to measure multiple stable traits of personality and in some cases disorder
- a series of questions or statements for which the test taker must indicate whether they apply themselves or not

31
Q

Factor analysis and Eysenck’s personality dimension

A

Using factor analysis, Hans and Sybil Eysenck found that many personality traits actually are a function of two basic dimensions along which we all vary
- research supports their idea that variations are linked to genetics

32
Q

which two lines are Eysecks personality dimensions

A
  • introverted-> extraverted

- stable -> unstable

33
Q

which is the most popular personality test

A

Five factor model of personality

34
Q

Five-factor model of personality

A

these given factors seem to be universal and are consistent from about the age of 30
- measured using NEO-PI-R

35
Q

the ‘Big Five’ personality factors

A
  • Neuroticism
  • Extraversion
  • Openness
  • Agreeableness
  • Conscientiousness
36
Q

Neuroticism

A
  • worried vs calm
  • insecure versus secure
  • self-pitying vs self satsified
37
Q

Extravertion

A
  • sociable versus retiring
  • fun-loving versus sober
  • affectionate versus reserved
38
Q

openness

A
  • imagninative vs down to earth
  • preference for variety vs preference for routine
  • independent vs conforming
39
Q

Agreeableness

A
  • Softhearted versus ruthless
  • Trusting vs suspicious
  • helpful vs uncooperative
40
Q

Conscientiousness

A
  • well organised versus disorganised
  • careful vs careless
  • Self-dicisplined versus weak willed
41
Q

item characteristic curves

A

new insight into the shape of peoples responses

-another approach to how these items fit together

42
Q

what other personality traits can be measured

A
  • mood states
  • motivation
  • attitudes
  • beliefs
43
Q

how to construct a useful scale

A
  • double or triple check there isn’t something already out there thats suitable
  • Item sampling: depth and breath
  • practical length
  • cultural, ethnic, educational etc biases
  • piloting
  • check reliability and validity
44
Q

key concepts of psychometric test

A

-reliability, validity and standardisation

45
Q

Don’t develop something

A

new unless yo really have to

Measurement and Evaluation (28 decks)

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