Psychology Chapter 6 Flashcards
midterm study
memory
the process that info is encoded, stored, & retrieved
encoding
changing info so it can be placed into memory
storage
maintenance of info over time
retrieval
locating stored info and retrieving in consciousness
recognition
using currently presented info to retrieve identical info from memory
recall
retrieving info from memory without cues available in recognition tasks
relearning
the tendency to learn info faster the second time it’s presented
Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory
1) sensory memory- forget through decay
2) short-term memory- forget by displacement
3) long-term memory- forget by retrieval
the first stage of memory?
sensory memory- holds images briefly, memory decays quick
Iconic memory
visual stimuli of an “icon”, decay quick, replaced with new incoming stimuli, the first stage of memory
Echoic memory
the mental representation of sound, with auditory stimuli, “echoes”, last longer than icons, the first stage of memory
Working memory
short-term memory held briefly, rehearsal allows it to be maintained for longer
serial position effect
recall first & last items in a series more accurately than middle items
chunking grouping
taking multiple pieces of information and putting them into wholes expands STM capacity
interference
appearance of new info into the STM interferes with additional info
Long-term memory
ultimate storehouse of info, capacity is unlimited, the duration is permanent, recall is a reconstruction
Explicit memory
memory for specific info and knowledge, “declaritive memory”
episodic memory
things that have happened to a person
semantic memory
the memory of info, acquired by a person
Implicit memory
the memory of info thats in LTM but can’t be clearly expressed, “non- declarative”
retrospective memory
the memory of past events
prospective memory
memory to perform an act in the future
schema
beliefs, expectations, influence our perceptions
retrieval of info
from LTM, reconstructed based on what happens in the world
