Psychology Chapter 1

Question 1

What does psychology study?

Answer 1

behaviour and mental processes

Question 2

goals of psychology

Answer 2

describe, explain, predict, control behaviour & mental processes

Question 3

Whats critical thinking in psychology?

Answer 3

analyzing questions, statements & arguments

Question 4

principles of critical thinking

Answer 4

skepticism, evidence-based info, caution on conclusions, assumptions upon arguments, interpretations of evidence, not oversimplifying & overgeneralizing

Question 5

All the types of psychologists

Answer 5

Clinical, counselling, educational, developmental, personality, social , enviromental, experimental, industrial, organizational, cognitive, health, sports, forensic

Question 6

which yeat did psychology emerge

Answer 6

1879

Question 7

whats structuralism psychology

Answer 7

the breakdown of human experience into components, sensations, feelings, & images

Question 8

who founded structuralism psychology

Answer 8

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 9

whats functionalism psychology

Answer 9

psychological traits that undergo natural selection similar to physical traits

Question 10

who founded functionalism psychology

Answer 10

William James

Question 11

whats behaviourism psychology?

Answer 11

study of observable behaviour

Question 12

who founded behaviourism psychology?

Answer 12

John Watson

Question 13

Whats gestalt psychology?

Answer 13

organize perceptual input into wholes & patterns, insight = problem solving

Question 14

who founded Gestalt psychology?

Answer 14

Max Wentheimen, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler

Question 15

Whats psychoanalysis psychology?

Answer 15

importance of unconscious and early childhood experiences, through interventions, to analyze motives and drives

Question 16

who founded psychoanalysis psychology?

Answer 16

Sigmund Freud

Question 17

who are the Women influencers in psychology?

Answer 17

Mary Calkins, Margaret Washburn, Karen Horney, Mary Ainsworth, Sandra Bem

Question 18

whats the evolutionary perspective in psychology?

Answer 18

adaptive physical traits are passed on through generations

Question 19

who founded the evolutionary perspective in psychology?

Answer 19

Charles Darwin

Question 20

What’s the biological perspective in psychology?

Answer 20

the study of the brain and nervous system, for understanding the physical process of behaviour & mental processes

Question 21

What’s the cognitive perspective in psychology?

Answer 21

the study of mental processes, by investigating thinking/ memory/ perception/ problem solving/ and language

Question 22

What’s the existential perspective in psychology?

Answer 22

focus on cognitive awareness & subjective experiences, through self-awareness, fulfillment, & growth

Question 23

What’s the psychodynamic perspective in psychology?

Answer 23

focus on people’s capacity for conscious choice & individual direction

Question 24

What’s the learning perspective in psychology?

Answer 24

environmental influences & the learning of habits through repetition & reinforcement, by people modifying and creating their own environment

Question 25

Whats’s the sociocultural perspective in psychology?

Answer 25

studies that influence the culture/ ethnicity/ gender/ & socioeconomic factors on behavior & mental processes

Question 26

What’ s the scientific method in psychology?

Answer 26

creating a research question, develop a hypothesis, test the hypothesis

Question 27

What’re Generalizations in psychology

Answer 27

the study group, bias selection, & was the study a good sample representative of the population?

Question 28

Whats a random sample?

Answer 28

every member of the population has an equal chance of being asked to participate

Question 29

Whats a stratified sample?

Answer 29

Identification of subgroups in the population, who are proportionately represented

Question 30

Whats a case study?

Answer 30

descriptive method of research, through interviews, questionnaires & psychological tests

Question 31

whats a survey?

Answer 31

descriptive method of research, through a questionnaire on attributes & behaviour

Question 32

whats a naturalistic observation?

Answer 32

a method in which subjects are observed in their natural environment

Question 33

whats the experimental method?

Answer 33

seek to confirm the cause & effect of relationships by introducing independent variables

Question 34

Independent variable

Answer 34

manipulated variable

Question 35

Dependent variable

Answer 35

the effect of the independent variable

Question 36

experimental group

Answer 36

participants who obtain treatment

Question 37

control group

Answer 37

participants who do not get treatment

Question 38

placebo

Answer 38

bogus treatment appears genuine

Question 39

blind study

Answer 39

participants are unaware if they received treatment or not

Question 40

double-blind study

Answer 40

both study participants & observers don’t know who has received treatment

Question 41

Whats the correlational method?

Answer 41

the method used to investigate whether 2 variables are related through mathematics

Question 42

positive correlation

Answer 42

both variables increase

Question 43

negative correlation

Answer 43

one varible increases & one varible decreases

Question 44

National Council on ethics in human research

Answer 44

researchers must have methods approved by the ethics committee before conducting a study

Question 45

Canadian code of ethics 4 principles

Answer 45

1) respect for the dignity of persons
2) responsible for caring
3) integrity in relationships
4) responsibility to society