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Psychology-1060 > Psychology- chapter 12 > Flashcards

Psychology- chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological disorders

A

patterns of behaviour, connected with emotional distress or impairment in functioning

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2
Q

What are psychological disorders?

A

unusual behaviour, faulty perception, inappropriate emotional response, dysfunctional behaviour, dangerous behaviour, unacceptable behaviour

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3
Q

Classifying psychological disorders

A

diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders, most widely classification scheme for psychological disorders

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4
Q

Psychological disorders : legal implications

A

no person is criminal responsible for an act committed while suffering from a mental disorder

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5
Q

neurodevelopment disorders

A

first appear in childhood, lifelong implications

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6
Q

Autism

A

impaired social interaction & communication, restrictive & repetitive behaviour intellectual & language development difficulties, 1% of the population

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7
Q

ADHD

A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, 5% of children & 2.5% of adults

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8
Q

schizophrenia

A

disturbances in thought, language, perception, attention, motor activity, mood, & social functioning

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9
Q

Schizoprenia positive symptoms

A

hallucinations, delusions, loose associations

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10
Q

Schizoprenia negative symptoms

A

lack of motivation, loss of pleasure in activities , social withdrawal

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11
Q

Schizoprenia causes

A

loss of grey matter, small prefrontal cortex, less activity in the prefrontal cortex, contributing factors may be heredity, complications in birth & pregnancy, greater paternal age, birth during winter, prenatal stress/ infections/ malnutrition, maternal diabetes

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12
Q

Schizoprenia psychological perspectives

A

family discoed & distress appear to contribute to the disorder, children raised in a socially unrewarding & abusive situation

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13
Q

Schizoprenia sociocultural perspectives

A

low socioeconomic status, quality of parenting

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14
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A

sadness, lack of energy, loss of self-esteem, inability to concentrate, loss of interest, pessimism , crying, thoughts of suicide

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15
Q

MDD symptoms

A

poor appetite, serious weight loss, agitation, delusions & hallucinations

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16
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mood shifts from mania to depression

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17
Q

females in depression

A

twice as likely to develop, lower levels of estrogen have been linked, cognitive vulnerability

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18
Q

Depression biological perspectives

A

genetics, underutilization of serotonin

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19
Q

Depression psychological perspectives

A

loss of environmental control , helplessness, perfectionism & unrealistic expectation factor, have internal/ stable/ & global attribution styles

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20
Q

suicide risk factors

A

depression , hopelessness, perfectionism , stressful life events, family members with psychological problems, family history of suicide

21
Q

Anxiety disorders: phobias

A

specific phobia: irrational fear of specific object
social phobia: irrational & excessive fear of public scrutiny
agoraphobia: fear of open , crowded places

22
Q

Panic disorder

A

attacks of extreme anxiety in absence of eliciting stimulus

23
Q

Panic attack symptoms

A

SOB, heavy sweating, tremors, pounding of the heart, choking feeling, nausea, flushes & chills

24
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

persistent anxiety not attributed to objects/situations/ & activity

25
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms

A

motor tension, autonomic overarousal , excessive vigilance

26
Q

anxiety disorders biological perspectives

A

genetics, highly reactive autonomic system, faulty regulation of serotonin & nor-epic, inadequate levels of GABA

27
Q

anxiety disorders psychological & social perspectives

A

conditioned fears acquired in childhood, observational learning, thinking to perpetuate panic attacks

28
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

obsessions: recurrent anxiety thoughts or images
compulsive: thoughts or behaviours that reduce the anxiety, irresistible urges to repeat a behaviour

29
Q

OCD: hoarding disorders

A

collect large quantités of items and have anxiety discarding them

30
Q

OCD: body dysmorphic disorder

A

preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated personal physical deficit, may go to extreme lengths to correct this deficit

31
Q

OCD causes

A

strongly inherited, imbalance in serotonin/dopamine/ & nor-epi, neurological circuit implications

32
Q

somatoform disorder: conversion disorder

A

major change in or loss in physical functioning with no medical reasoning, anxiety is converted into physical symptoms

33
Q

somatoform disorder: hypochondriases

A

disorder where person believes they have a serious physical illness though no medical evidence suggests this

34
Q

somatoform disorders: biophysical perspective

A

self-hypnosis, misinterpret & exaggerate normal physical sensations, enacting may bring benefits like a reduction of responsibilities

35
Q

dissociative disorders: dissociative amnesia

A

marked by loss of memory, self Identification that can’t be attributed to a biological problem, amnesia can last for hours to days, individual can’t recall information

36
Q

generalized amnesia

A

person forgets their entire life

37
Q

dissociative fuge

A

loss of memory & self identification involves travelling to another place

38
Q

Dissociative Disorders: depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

person experiences detachment from herself and her surroundings

39
Q

Dissociative Disorders: dissociative identity disorder

A

2 or more identities each with distinct traits

40
Q

dissociative disorders biophysical causes

A

people with these disorders attempt to keep bad memories out of mind, associated with severe sexual/ physical abuse,

41
Q

Personality disorders: boderline personality disorder

A

instability in relationships, self-image, mood & impulse control, frequently combative towards others,

42
Q

Personality disorder: antisocial personality disorder

A

fails to conform to lawful & ethical behaviour , no concerns for others , egocentric, deceitful , irresponsible, & manipulative, risk-taking behaviour, not deterred by punishment

43
Q

personality disorders: avoidant personality disorders

A

unwillingness to enter relationships without assurance of acceptance, individual fails to establish close relationships outside of immediate family due to inadequacy, rejection/ criticism/ & embarrassment fears

44
Q

personality disorders: narcissistic personality disorder

A

efforts to build up self-worth through attention seeking & approval of others, self-centred fail to understand feelings of others

45
Q

personality disorder: obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

difficulty with interpersonal relationships due to rigid perfectionism & inflexibility, expects others to adhere to impossible behavioural guidelines

46
Q

personality disorder: schizotypal personality disorder

A

peculiarities in thought/ perception & behaviour impairs social relationships, , schizophrenia behaviours are absent in individuals

47
Q

personality disorder biological causes

A

twin & adoption studies suggest genetic factors influence antisocial behaviour, less grey matter in the prefrontal cortex

48
Q

personality disorder psychological factors

A

certain childhood experiences contribute, miscode social information

49
Q

personality disorder sociocultural

A

borderline personality may develop as a result of living in a fragmented society or on the margins of society

Psychology-1060 (11 decks)

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