Psychology Chapter 5 Flashcards
midterm studying
Learning
a permanent change in behaviour, knowledge, capabilities, from practice and experience
Learning by association
through reflective psychological responses, conditioned through association
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
stimulus from an organism naturally ( no conditioning)
Unconditioned response (UCR)
unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus (CS)
neural stimulus creates a conditioned response because it’s been conditioned repeatedly with the same stimulus.
conditioned response (CR)
a learned response to a conditioned stimulus
counterconditioning
technique brings fear reduction with pain, by using a pleasant stimulus with fear-evoking stimuli
systemic desensitizing
reducing fear through the presentation of increasingly more fearful stimuli, while the person remains relaxed
extinction ( extinction response recovery)
no more conditioned responses, because the conditioned stimulus isn’t associated with the unconditioned stimuli
spontaneous recovery ( extinction recovery response)
return of the extinguished conditioned response as a function of time passage
generalization
the tendency of the conditioned response being evoked by similar stimuli to the conditioned response
discrimination
conditioned response to be evoked by only the conditioned stimuli but not similar
higher-order conditioning
neural stimuli become conditioned after being pained with an already conditioned stimulus
why are taste aversions unique?
adaptive because they motivate organisms to avoid harmful foods, conditioned & unconditioned stimuli are enough to create a conditioned response
Reinforcement
any stimuli that increase the probability the next response will repeat
positive reinforcement
when presented a high frequency of behaviour proceeding it occurs
negative reinforcement
when removed high frequency of behaviour proceeding it
immediate reinforcer
done immediately following a behaviour
delayed reinforcer
doesn’t follow the behaviour
primary reinforcer
an unlearned reinforcer that fulfills basic survival needs ( food, water, warmth)
secondary reinforcer
conditioned reinforcer acquires value by association with established reinforcers ( money, grades)
punishment
an unpleasant stimulus suppresses the frequency of the following behaviour
negative punishment
removal of a pleasant stimuli
positive punishment
presentation of an unpleasant stimuli
