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Psychology-1060 > Psychology- Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Psychology- Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

patterns of behaviour, thoughts, feelings that characterize a person’s adaptation to life

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2
Q

psychodynamic theory

A

founded by Sigmund Freud, in childhood conflicts viewing the unconscious motives determines behaviour & personality

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3
Q

conscious

A

thoughts in our awareness

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4
Q

preconscious

A

thoughts out of awareness but can easily be made conscious

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5
Q

unconscious

A

storehouse of primitive instincts urges & desires, difficult to access

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6
Q

ego

A

develops in the first year of life, resides at conscious/preconscious/ & unconscious, from self-awareness/ ability to delay gratification

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7
Q

superego

A

develops in the toddler, all 3 levels, functions as a moral guardian sets forth standards of behaviour

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8
Q

defence mechanisms: denial

A

conscious disorting of the perception of reality

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9
Q

defence mechanisms: projections

A

perceiving unwelcome emotions as originating from someone else

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10
Q

defence mechanisms: rationalization

A

making excuses for our behaviour

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11
Q

defence mechanisms: reaction formation

A

taking emotion & unconsciously replacing it with the opposite

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12
Q

defence mechanisms: regression

A

behaving in a childlike way

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13
Q

defence mechanisms: repression

A

unconsciously pushing unwanted desires or memories from our conscious mind

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14
Q

defence mechanisms: sublimation

A

transferring desires into other acceptable activities

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15
Q

psychosexual development: oral

A

ages 0-1, mouth is erogenous zone, conflict around nature & oral gratification

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16
Q

psychosexual development: anal

A

ages 2-3, anus is erogenous zone, conflict centers on issues of self-control

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17
Q

psychosexual development: phallic

A

ages 3-6, genitals are erogenous zone, child’s libidinal attachment to opposite sex-parent, the resolution is identifying the same-sex parent

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18
Q

psychosexual development: latency

A

ages 6- puberty, no erogenous zone, repression of sexual impulses

19
Q

psychosexual development: genital

A

puberty and up, genitals are the erogenous zone, libidinal changes displaced onto an opposite-sex partner

20
Q

Carl- Jung analytical psychology

A

downplays the importance of sexual instinct, proposed existence of the collective unconscious

21
Q

Alfred Adler individual psychology

A

motivation from an inferiority complex generated in childhood, self-aware aspect to overcome obstacles

22
Q

Karen Horney: neo-Freudian

A

social relationships are more important to the development than unconscious impulses

23
Q

Erik Erikson: psychosocial development

A

stages from development crisis, successful resolution leads to the development of positive- age-appropriate traits

24
Q

trait

A

an aspect of personality inferred from behaviour

25
Q

Gordon Allport

A

set stage for later research by cataloguing 18000 human traits

26
Q

Hans Eysenck’s theory

A

introversion & extroversion, stability & instability

27
Q

extrovert stable

A

sociable, outgoing, talkative, easygoing, lively, carefree, leadership

28
Q

extrovert unstable

A

touchy, restless, aggressive, excitable, impulsive, optimistic, active

29
Q

introvert stable

A

passive, careful, thoughtful, peaceful, controlled, reliable, even-tempered, calm

30
Q

introvert unstable

A

moody, anxious, rigid, reserved, unsociable, quiet

31
Q

Caltelis theory

A

cluster like traits narrowed traits into 16 factors

32
Q

personality factors: openess

A

curiosity, imagination contrasted with shallowness

33
Q

personality factor: conscientiousness

A

reliability, thoughtful contrasted with negligence

34
Q

personality factor: extraversion

A

contrast talkativeness, silence

35
Q

personality factor: agreeable

A

kindness, trust, warmth contrasts passivity

36
Q

personality factor: neuroticism

A

nervous, moody contrasted with hostility & agreeable

37
Q

traits for wisdom & knowledge

A

creativity, curiosity, open-minded, learning love, perspective

38
Q

traits for courage

A

authenticity, bravery, persistence, zest

39
Q

traits for humanity

A

kindness, love, social intelligence

40
Q

traits for justice

A

fairness, leadership, teamwork

41
Q

traits for temperance

A

forgiveness, modesty, prudence

42
Q

traits for transcendence

A

appreciation of beauty, excellence, gratitude, hope, humour, religion

43
Q

Personality genetics

A

building blocks of personality written into DNA, optimism & self-esteem predicted by the portion of the third chromosome, extroverted personalities are hereditary at 40-60 %, higher dopamine levels in the brain for extroverts

Psychology-1060 (11 decks)

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