Psychology- Chapter 13

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

an interaction between therapist & client affects clients thoughts/ feelings/behaviour in an effort to help overcome the psychological disorder

Question 2

past treatment

Answer 2

believed to be possession, exorcism/execution for treatments

Question 3

Asylums

Answer 3

institutions for mentally sick, warehousing not treatment

Question 4

community mental health movement goals

Answer 4

treat psychological disorders individuals, provide community with education & resources

Question 5

psychoanalytic therapies

Answer 5

Sigmund Freud developed, view psychological problems from early childhood

Question 6

traditional psychoanalysis aim

Answer 6

provide insight into unconscious conflicts as root of persons problems

Question 7

interpersonal psychotherapy

Answer 7

clients current relationships rather than childhood, direct alleviation of negative emotions

Question 8

humanistic therapies

Answer 8

focus on subjective, conscious experiences, deal with what client is currently experiencing

Question 9

humanistic therapies: client-centered therapy

Answer 9

Karl Rogers developed, warm non-direct therapy to encourage self exploration & expression,,

Question 10

Gesalt therapy

Answer 10

originated by Fritz Perls, people experience conflict by disowning parts of themselves, aims for the individual to integrate conflicting parts of personality, directive methods so client can perceive whole

Question 11

Behaviour therapy

Answer 11

directly promote desired behaviour change, conditioning principles

Question 12

fear-reduction method: systemic desensitization

Answer 12

developed by Jospeh Wolfe, exposed to a series of images organized from least to fear evoking while relaxing

Question 13

fear-reduction method: virtual therapy

Answer 13

technology to represent a traumatic setting, exposure is provided in gradualy

Question 14

fear-reduction method: flooding

Answer 14

fear is presented in full intensity until the fear has diminished

Question 15

fear-reduction: modelling

Answer 15

client observes & imitates a person who approaches & copes with the object or situation feared

Question 16

aversive conditioning

Answer 16

undesired responses are inhibited by pairing repungent or offensive stimuli with them

Question 17

Rapid smoking

Answer 17

method in which smokers are forced to inhale rapidly over a prolonged period of time , overexposure leads to an adverse conditioned stimuli

Question 18

operant conditioning procedures

Answer 18

reinforcement & punishment to teach adaptive behaviours & extinguish problematic behaviours

Question 19

Operant conditioning procedures: token economy

Answer 19

reinforced for desired behaviours with tokens that can be exchanged for privileges

Question 20

operant conditioning : successive approximations

Answer 20

progressive behaviour systemically reinforced until target behaviour is achieved

Question 21

operant conditioning: biofeedback training

Answer 21

feedback about a bodily function, so person can gain control of function

Question 22

eye-movement desensitization & reprocessing (EMDR)

Answer 22

to treat stress disorders, clients visually follow a moving finger while keeping their traumatic events in mind

Question 23

social skills training

Answer 23

decreases social anxiety by, self monitoring, behaviour rehearsal, coaching, modelling, role-playing, feedback

Question 24

cognitive therapies

Answer 24

focus on thoughts/beliefs/attitudes/ & expectations that leas to distress

Question 25

Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy

Answer 25

encourages client to gain awareness of current cognitions & see their irrational current ways of thinking, by selective perception, overgeneralization, magnification, absolute thinking

Question 26

rational emotive behaviour therapy

Answer 26

developed by Albert Ellis, peoples beliefs about events shape their perceptions, therapists goal is to challenge & correct maladaptive behaviour & irrational expectations

Question 27

toward a cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)

Answer 27

integration of both behaviour & cognitive therapies

Question 28

Group therapies: advantages

Answer 28

economical, more experience, social support, reassurance from others, hope from those with improvement, relating to others

Question 29

Group therapies: disadvantages

Answer 29

unable/ unwilling to disclose in a group setting, confidentiality issues, clients may not feel supported

Question 30

couple therapy

Answer 30

help enhance relationships through improved communication & management of conflict

Question 31

family therapy

Answer 31

help families develop adaptive patterns of interaction & communication, promotes growth of each family member, enhance functionality of a family unit as a whole

Question 32

psychoanalytic therapy better for what disorders

Answer 32

anxiety, depression, & interpersonal relationships

Question 33

CBT for what disorders?

Answer 33

anxiety, somatoform, bulimia, anger-control issues

Question 34

asian Canadians in psychotherapy

Answer 34

stigmatize people with psychological disorders, many deny problem, may not believe in western approach

Question 35

aboriginal Canadians in psychotherapy

Answer 35

loss of culture & Identification is related to problems

Question 36

Black Canadians in psychotherapy

Answer 36

therapists may need to be sensitive to the effects of possible prejudice & discrimination

Question 37

antianxiety drugs

Answer 37

used for generalized anxiety disorder & panic attacks, decrease SNS

Question 38

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 38

block dopamine receptors in the Brain

Question 39

antidepressants

Answer 39

increase levels of certain neurotransmitters

Question 40

Lithium

Answer 40

for bioloar disorder

Question 41

light therapy

Answer 41

used to treat seasonal affective disorder

Question 42

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 42

used to treat major depression & bipolar disorder , patients are given a sedative & put to sleep, electrodes are attached to the scalp & they induce seizures

Question 43

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 43

electromagnetic coil placed on scalp generates a magnetic field stimulated brain neurons, for treatment of major depressive disorders, obsessive depressive disorders & schizophrenia

Question 44

prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 44

severing of connection of frontal lobe to rest of the brain, for violence & agitation

Question 45

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 45

electrodes placed on brain deliver electrical pulses, for treatment of OCD and depression who no longer respond to drugs