Psychology C2 - treatment and managements

Question 1

mindfulness

Answer 1

-psychological approach
-involves being in present moment
-not worrying about past or future
-promotes mental and physical health, used to treat/manage stress and addiction in a positive way

Question 2

three main features of mindfulness

Answer 2

1. attending to and regulating thoughts, feelings and emotions
2. being in the present
3. promoting healthy behaviours

Question 3

1. attending to and regulating thoughts, feelings and emotions

Answer 3

-monitor present thoughts and feelings so you can step back from them, observe and accept them
-negative thoughts don’t take over and control you

Question 4

being in the present

Answer 4

-having a moment-to-moment awareness of bodily sensations, sights, smells, sounds etc.

Question 5

promoting healthy behaviours

Answer 5

-developed through training and practising certain techniques
-clients reduce stress by applying techniques to everyday life
-make positive changes and behaviour - experience present more clearly

Question 6

mindfulness and stress

Answer 6

-Kabat-Zinn (2003) devised mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) – structured programme of standardised techniques (based on Buddhist meditation)
-elements: mindful focus, body scan, mindful stretching and 1 2.5 hour session per week
-reduces stress, less troubled by stressful thoughts

Question 7

mindfulness and addiction

Answer 7

-Garland (2013), developed a programme for addiction recovery, mindfulness-orientated recovery enhancement (MORE)
-helps an addicted person become aware of their behaviour (mindful rather than mindless)
-guided meditation

Question 8

practical uses
(evaluation)
+

Answer 8

-mindfulness has been applied widely
-been used to help lower stress levels of people receiving treatment for cancer
-been used in education, workplaces and sport
-applications = wide due to mindfulness being flexible – tailored to individuals’ needs
-mindfulness-based programmes can be used to help people in many situations

Question 9

support for effectiveness
(evaluation)
+

Answer 9

-research evidence supporting the effectiveness
-Wen Li et al. (2017) reviewed 34 studies testing the effectiveness of several programmes for addiction
-found that MORE = better outcomes than other programmes
-shows that central concepts of mindfulness can help to manage stress and treat addictions

Question 10

exaggerated claims
(evaluation)
-

Answer 10

-mindfulness may have been overhyped
-mindfulness has caught the public imagination, evidence is inconclusive
-studies supporting mindfulness-based treatments have many weaknesses
-example – have no control groups or the outcomes = short term (Farias and Wikholm 2016)
-not based on scientific evidence
-mindfulness-based treatments may be no more effective than approaches using physical exercise or relaxation