Psychology Flashcards
Learning in which a natural response is elicited by a conditioned, or learned stimulus that previously was presented in conjunction with an unconditioned stimulus
Classical Conditioning
Conditioning that deals with involuntary responses
Classical Conditioning
Learning in which a particular action is elicited because it produces a punishment or reward. Deals with voluntary responses
Operant Conditioning
Desired reward poduces action (mouse presses button to get food)
Positive Reinforcement
Target behavior (response) is followed by removal of aversive stimulus (mouse presses button to turn off continuous loud noise)
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
Lecom, just kidding, Repeated application of aversive stimulus extinguishes unwanted behavior
Discontinuation of reinforcement (positive or negative) eventually eliminates behavior. Can occur in operant or classical conditioning.
Extinction
Patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician. Ex. psychiatrist is seen as parent
Transference
Doctor projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto patient. Ex. patient reminds physician of younger siblings
Countertransference
Unconscious mental processes used to resolve conflict and prevent undesirable feelings
Ego defenses
Expressing unacceptable feelings and thoughts through actions, Ex. Tantrums
Acting Out
Temporary, drastic change in personaility, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress, Ex. extreme forms can result is dissociative identitiy disorder
Dissociation
Avoiding the awareness of some painful reality
Denial
Transferring acoided ideas and feelings to some neutral person or object; Ex mother yells at her child because her husband yelled at her
Displacement
Partially remaining at a more childish level of development like; Ex. men intensely watching sport games
Fixation
Modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful; Ex. abused child identifies with an abuser
Identification
Separating feelings from ideas and events; Ex. describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response
Isolation
Attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source; Ex. a man who wants another woman thinks his wife is cheating on him
Projection
Proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self-blame; Ex. after getting fired, claiming that the job was not important anyway
Rationalization
Replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an unconsciously derived emphasis on its opposite; Ex. Patient with sex throught enters a monastary
Reaction Formation
Turning back the maturation clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world; a previously toilet trained kid when hospitalized
Regression
Involuntary withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness; Ex. not remembering a conflict or traumatic experience
Repression
Believing that people are either all god or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity. Ex. All nurses are mean and cold, doctors are warm and friendly
Splitting
Mature defenses
Altruism, humor, sublimation and suppression
Alleviating guilty feelings by unsolicited generosity toward others
Altruism
Appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation; Ex. nervous medical student jokes about the boards
Humor
Replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one’s value system; Ex. teenager’s aggression toward his father is redirected to perform well in sports
Sublimation
Intentional withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness; Ex. Choosing to not to worry about test grades until they come out
Suppression