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First Aid Psychiatry > Pathology 1 > Flashcards

Pathology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alzheimer Disease NT

A

Decreased ACh

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2
Q

Anxiety NTs

A

Increased NE; Decreased GABA and 5-HT

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3
Q

Depression NTs

A

Decrease in NE, 5-HT, and DA

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4
Q

Huntington NTs

A

Decrease GABA, ACh; Increased Dopamine

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5
Q

Parkinson NTs

A

Decrease Dopamine; Increase in 5-HT, ACh

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6
Q

Schizophrenia NTs

A

Increase Dopamine

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7
Q

Patient’s ability to know who, where, date and time

A

Orientation

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8
Q

Order of Loss of Orientation

A

1st - time; 2nd - place; last - person

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9
Q

AOx3

A

Alert and Oriented x3

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10
Q

Inability to remember things that occurred before CNS insult

A

Retrograde Amnesia

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11
Q

Inability to make new memories

A

Anterograde Amnesia

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12
Q

Classic anterograde amnesia caused by thiamine deficiency and associated destruction of mamillary bodies

A

Korsakoff Amnesia

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13
Q

Inability to recall important personal information, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress

A

Dissociative Amnesia

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14
Q

Abrupt travel or wandering during a period of dissociative amnesia, associated with traumatic circumstances

A

Dissociative Fugue

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15
Q

Significant change in cognition (memory, attention, language, judgement) from previous level of functioning.

A

Cognitive Disorder

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16
Q

“Waxing and Waning” level of consciuosness with acute onset

A

Delirium

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17
Q

Rapid decrease in attention span and level of arousal; disorg thinking, hallucinations (often visual), illusions, misperceptions, disturbance of sleep wake cycle, cognitive dysfunction

A

Delirium

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18
Q

Most common presentation of altered mental status in inpatient setting. Abnormal EEG

A

Delirium

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19
Q

Tx for delirium

A

Fix underlying causes, optimize brain condition like O2, hydration and pain, Antipsychotics (haloperidol)

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20
Q

Gradual decrease in intellectual ability or “cognition” without affecting LOC, EEG Normal

A

Dementia

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21
Q

Memory deficits, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, loss of abstract thought, behavioral/personality changes, impairment judgment

A

Dementia

22
Q

Reversible Causes of dementia

A

NPH, Vit B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, neurosyphilis, HIV (partially)

23
Q

Irreversible Causes of Dementia

A

Alzheimers, Lewy Body dementia, Huntington, Pick Dx, Cerebral infarcts, Creutzfeldt-Jakob dx, Chronic substance abuse

24
Q

Distorted perception of reality characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized thinking

A

Psychosis

25
Q

Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli

A

Hallucinations

26
Q

Unique, false beliefs about about oneself or others that persist despite the facts

A

Delusions

27
Q

Words and ideas are strung together based on sounds, puns, or “loose associations”

A

Disorganized Speech

28
Q

Visual Hallucinations

A

More common a feature of medical than psychiatric illness (drug intoxication)

29
Q

Auditory Hallucinations

A

Associated with schizophrenia

30
Q

Olfactory Hallucinations

A

Aura of psychomotor epilepsy and in brain tumors

31
Q

Gustatory Hallucinations

A

Rare

32
Q

Tactile Hallucinations

A

Common with alcohol withdrawal
Formication - bugs crawling on skin
Cocaine abusers

33
Q

Hypnogogic

A

Hallucination while going to sleep

34
Q

Hypnopompic

A

Hallucination while waking from sleep

35
Q

Chronic mental disorder with periods of psychosis, disturbed behavior and thought, and decline in functioning that lasts >6months. Increased DA activity

A

Schizophrenia

36
Q

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Delusions, Hallucinations (Auditory), disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior

37
Q

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought

38
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

<1month of schizophrenia, usually stress related

39
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

1-6months of schizophrenia

40
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

at least 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms, plus a major depressive, manic or both episode.
2 subtypes: Bipolar or Depressive

41
Q

Frequent cannibis use

A

Associated with psychosis/schizophrenia in teens

42
Q

Fixed, persistent, untrue belief system lasting >1month.

Woman who genuinely believes she is married to a celebrity when in reality she is not

A

Delusional Disorder

43
Q

Presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personaility states

A

Dissociative identity disorder

44
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder associations

A

Hx of sexual abuse, PTSD, depression, substance abuse, borderline personality, and somatoform conditions

45
Q

Persistent feelings of detachment or estrangement from one’s own body, thooughts, perceptions and, actions or environment

A

Depersonalization - detached from one’s actions

Derealization - detached from one’s own environment

46
Q

Abnormal range of moods or internal emotional states and loss of control over them

A

Mood disorder

47
Q

Severity of moods causing distress and impairment in social and occupational functioning

A

Mood Disorder

48
Q

Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable moood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting >1week

A

Manic Episode

49
Q

Manic episodes need at least 3 of the following

A

DIG FAST
Distractibility, Irresponsibility (hedonistic, seeks pleasure w/o assessing consequences), Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, increase in goal-directed Activity/psychomotor Agitation, decrease need for Sleep, Talkativeness

50
Q

Abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood but no impairment of social/occupational functioning. Lasts >4days

A

Hypomanic Episode

First Aid Psychiatry (12 decks)

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