psych exam 3 Flashcards by katie marrero

you pay more attention to bad things, and ignore when something good happens

ignoring the good

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making a really big deal out of something small, or making something a little bit bad seem like the worst thing ever

blowing things up

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thinking you know what will happen in the future, and that it will be bad

fortune telling

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believing you know what someone else is thinking, or why they are doing something, without having enough information

mind reading

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having a negative belief about yourself and thinking it applies to everything you do

negative labeling

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thinking that you must be perfect in everything you do, otherwise you’re no good

setting bar too high

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blaming yourself for anything that goes wrong around you, even if you had nothing to do with it

self-blaming

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believing that if you feel something, it must be true

feeling as facts

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believing things have to be a certain way

“should” statements

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the uncomfortable feeling of apprehension or dread in response to internal or external stimuli

anxiety

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what are used to reduce anxiety by preventing or diminishing unwanted thoughts or feelings

defense mechanisms

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extreme, overwhelming form of anxiety often experienced when an individual is placed in a real or perceived life-threatening situation

panic disorder

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what is diagnosed when panic is continuously experienced in situations of no real physical or psychological threat

panic disorder

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sudden, discrete periods of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by significant physical and cognitive symptoms

panic attacks

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fear of open spaces

agoraphobia

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feelings of frustration, disgust with life, demoralization, and hopelessness & sense of ill-being and uneasiness and fear of imminent disaster

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

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this diagnostic criteria is for what disorder:
- excessive worry and anxiety for at least 6 months
- anxiety related to a number of events/activities
- pt has little or no control over worry
- significant impairment in daily and social life

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

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persistent fear of clearly discernible, circumscribed objects or situations leading to avoidance behavior

specific phobia

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persistent fear of social situations in which embarrassment may occur (fear of being embarrassed in social settings)

social phobia

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an internal process of perception, memory, and judgement through which an understanding of oneself and the world is developed

cognition

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who developed the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

aaron beck

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who developed the solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)

steven de shazer and insoo kin berg

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what therapy is used to alter distorted beliefs and problem behaviors: negative and inaccurate thoughts identified and replaced; rewards for behavior changed

cognitive behavioral therapy

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what depicts the interaction of individual experiences, perception of these experiences, and the unique thoughts attached to these experiences that influence the development of beliefs

the cycle of cognition

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what are the 3 cognitive processes involved in the development of mental disorders

cognitive triad cognitive distortions schemas

thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future

cognitive triad

"twisted thinking"

cognitive distortions

individual's life rules acting as a filter; developed in early childhood and fixed by middle childhood

schemas

asserting that something general is always true about an event, situation, or group of people

overgeneralization

applying a general statement to oneself

personalizing

viewing or talking about an event as worse than it actually was

catastrophizing

selectively abstracting negative information from stressful events

selective abstraction

what are the steps of implementing the cognitive behavioral therapy

- identify the underlying belief - explore evidence - identify alternative explanations - examine the real implications if the belief is true

what type of therapy has emphasis on changing irrational beliefs that cause emotional distress into thoughts that are more reasonable and rational

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

what are the steps of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

- activating event - belief system - consequences - dispute - effective outlook

focusing on the solution rather than the problem

solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)

the interventions of this therapy focus on achievement of specific, concrete, and achievable goals

solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)

excessive, unwanted, intrusive, and persistent thoughts, impulses, or image causing anxiety and distress; not under the patient's control and incongruent with the pts usual thought patterns

Obsessive part of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

repeatedly performed behaviors in a ritualistic fashion with the goal of preventing or relieving anxiety and distress

compulsion part of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

chronic self-destructive hair pulling that results in noticeable hair loss

trichotillomania

skin-picking disorder

excoriation disorder

focusing on real (but slight) or imagined defects in appearance

body dysmorphic disorder

difficulty parting with or discarding possessions

hoarding disorder

what kind of trauma is from an accident, self-inflicted damage, or violence perpetrated by others

physical trauma

what kind of trauma is an emotional injury caused by an overwhelmingly stressful event that threatens one's survival and sense of security

psychological trauma

the capacity to withstand stress and catastrophe. it develops over time and is the culmination of multiple internal and external factors

resilience

short term disorder related to experience of major trauma

ASD acute stress disorder

long term disorder related to experience of major trauma

PTSD

a patient with PTSD startles easily and reacts irritably to small annoyances. the nurse interprets this as which of the following?

hyperarousal

what is the main nursing diagnosis for people with trauma and stress disorders

risk for suicide

responses to extreme external or internal events or stressors; failure to integrate identity, memory, and consciousness

dissociative disorders

what type of dissociative disorder is the inability to recall

dissociative amnesia

what type of dissociative disorder is being detached from one's body

depersonalization disorder

what type of dissociative disorder is at least two distinct personality or identity states (very rare)

dissociative identity disorder

what is used to describe, explain, and predict the psychological origins of illness and disease

psychosomatic

manifestation of psychological distress as physical symptoms. possibly resulting in functional changes or somatic descriptions

somatization

misinterpretation of body sensations or normal physical changes

illness anxiety disorder

intentional injury or illness to receive attention of health care workers

factitious disorders

intentional injury or illness to have physical gain like a homeless person coming to the ER to get a meal and bed for the night

malingering

neurologic symptoms and sensory problems but test result is negative; symptoms "real" for the patient

conversion disorder

complex pattern of characteristics, largely outside of the person's awareness

personality

prominent aspects of personality exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts

personality traits

an enduring pattern of deviant inner experiences and behavior differing from cultural expectations

personality disorder

ability to relate to others with empathy or intimacy

interpersonal functioning

name the 3 cluster A personality disorders

paranoid schizoid schizotypal

name the 4 cluster B personality disorders

antisocial borderline histrionic narcissistic

name the 3 cluster C personality disorders

avoidant dependent obsessive compulsive

distrustful and suspicious of others

paranoid (A)

detached from social relationships; restricted range of emotional expression

schizoid (A)

discomfort in close relations, cognitive, or perceptual distortions, eccentricities

schizotypal (A)

disregard for others and violation of others' rights

antisocial (B)

instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions; impulsive

borderline (B)

excessive emotionality and attention seeking

histrionic (B)

grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

narcissistic (B)

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to criticism

avoidant (C)

submissive and clinging behavior; excessive need to be taken care of

dependent (C)

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

obsessive compulsive (C)

children not listening to authority

oppositional defiant disorder

children violating the rights of others

conduct disorder

chronic disorder of not eating because of the fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, and thinking they're fatter than they are

anorexia nervosa

explain the 2 types of anorexia nervosa (restricting & purging)

restricting- not eating purging - eating a lot but then not eating for a while after binging

what is russel's sign

cuts and bruises on hand from pulling trig all the time

recurrent episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviors of either purging or nonpurging

bulimia nervosa

what is the main difference clinically between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

bulimia has no severe weight loss or amenorrhea (no period) like anorexia

what are the patients families like with bulimia vs anorexia

bulimia- chaotic, few rules, unclear boundaries anorexia - overprotective, rigid boundaries, inability to solve conflicts

eating until uncomfortable full and feeling guilt after but doing it again and again

binge eating