community test 3

Question 1

are biological in nature and are capable of producing an infection or infectious disease and include bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, fungi, protozoa, and helminths.

Answer 1

Infectious agents

Question 2

A person or animal that harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others, although having no symptoms of the disease.

Answer 2

carrier

Question 3

The presence and multiplication of infectious organisms without invading or causing damage to tissue.

Answer 3

colonization

Question 4

An outbreak characterized by exposure to a common, harmful substance.

Answer 4

common source outbreak

Question 5

The constant or usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or geographic area.

Answer 5

endemic

Question 6

communicable by direct or indirect contact

Answer 6

contagious

Question 7

Significant increase in the number of new cases of a disease than past experience would have predicted for that place, time, or population; an increase in incidence beyond that which is expected.

Answer 7

epidemic

Question 8

Originating in a healthcare facility; formerly called nosocomial infection.

Answer 8

healthcare associated infection

Question 9

Time period between initial contact with the infectious agent and the appearance of the first signs or symptoms of the disease.

Answer 9

incubation period

Question 10

Presence and replication of an infectious agent in the tissues of a host, with manifestation of signs and symptoms. An infectious disease need not be contagious or communicable.

Answer 10

infectious disease

Question 11

Ability of the agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host.

Answer 11

pathogenicity

Question 12

Outbreak resulting from direct or indirect transmission of an infectious agent from an infected person to a susceptible host; secondary infections can occur.

Answer 12

propagated outbreak

Question 13

Location where an infectious agent is normally found, where it lives and reproduces under normal circumstances.

Answer 13

reservoir

Question 14

Infections that occur within the accepted incubation period following exposure to a primary case.

Answer 14

secondary infection

Question 15

A continual dynamic method for gathering data about the health of the general public for the purpose of primary prevention of illness.

Answer 15

surveillance

Question 16

The transfer of an infectious agent from one person or place to another.

Answer 16

transmission

Question 17

Slow and progressive genetic changes that take place in DNA and RNA as organisms replicate in multiple hosts.

Answer 17

antigenic drift

Question 18

Sudden change in the molecular structure of DNA and RNA in microorganisms, resulting in a new strain of the microorganism.

Answer 18

antigenic shift

Question 19

Refers to a set of coordinated strategies to improve the use of antimicrobial medications with the goal of enhancing patient health outcomes, reducing resistance to antibiotics, and decreasing unnecessary costs.

Answer 19

antibiotic stewardship

Question 20

Model illustrating the interaction of 13 factors that contribute to the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases.

Answer 20

convergence model

Question 21

Observation of clients to ensure that they ingest each dose of anti-TB medication to maximize the likelihood of completion of therapy.

Answer 21

Directly observed therapy (DOT)

Question 22

Natural unit consisting of all living things (plants, animals, bacteria, viruses) interacting with, and dependent on, one another for survival within their nonliving environment.

Answer 22

ecosystem

Question 23

Newly identified, clinically distinct (novel) infectious disease.

Answer 23

Emerging infectious disease

Question 24

Type of immunity in which a large proportion of people in a population are not susceptible to a communicable disease and the few people who are susceptible will not likely be exposed and contract the illness.

Answer 24

herd immunity

Question 25

Process by which organisms adjust and change to their environment.

Answer 25

microbial adaptation

Question 26

The reappearance (reemergence) of a known infectious disease after its decline, with an incidence that is increasing in a certain geographic area or among a specific population.

Answer 26

reemerging infectious disease

Question 27

Dangerous or deadly diseases that are preventable by vaccination.

Answer 27

Vaccine-preventable diseases

Question 28

certain reportable and infectious diseases are monitored by healthcare setting and providers. these diseases are reported to local, state, and CDC using specific criteria and within a certain amount of time to track and monitor these diseases

Answer 28

public health surveillance

Question 29

illness that include biologic and non biologic agents and can be caused by microorganisms and their toxins

Answer 29

foodborne illnesses

Question 30

illness associated with drinking water and recreational water

Answer 30

waterborne illnesses

Question 31

what are the 3 ways cases are described in order to organize information to study it

Answer 31

person
place
time