Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nursing > med surg Diabetes > Flashcards

med surg Diabetes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards
1
Q

what is the pathologic cause of type 1 DM?

A

destruction of beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what organ releases glucagon?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does beta cells do?

A

secretes insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what pH disorder is associated with DKA?

A

metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is breaking down in metabolic acidosis

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the pathologic cause of type 2 DM

A

insulin resistance
impaired insulin secretion
overworked beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 2 physical characteristics are of a type 2 DM patient that is not a characteristic of type 1 DM

A

obesity and age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which type of diabetes is genetic

A

both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

t/f weight loss can cure diabetes

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a patients lab on a routine exam revealed a fasting blood sugar = 140. whats an appropriate intervention for this patient?

A

consider repeating FBS, order HgbA1c, start SBGM, education about diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what serum lab provides the most accurate representation of blood sugar control?

A

HgbA1c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what urinalysis finding is an indicator that blood sugar is not well controlled?

A

ketonuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are normal blood sugar values for fasting, postprandial, and HgbA1c?

A

FBG < 126
postprandial BG < 200
HgbA1c <6.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a newly diagnosed type 2 DM tells the nurse he doesn’t want to buy insulin he can just use his wife’s because she is diabetic. What 2 things indicate he needs education?

A

he is type 2 and needs oral most likely
don’t use meds not prescribed to you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when teaching a patient about injecting insulin what site should he avoid if he exercises daily?

A

arms/ legs bc with exercise, certain parts of the body may absorb insulin more quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if BS is < 80 prior to exercise, what should you teach a patient to do?

A

eat a snack before exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name a statement that indicates the patient understands the importance of foot care

A

” i need to check my feet every day for a cut and/or infection”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the ADA recommendation for % of fat/pro/carb per meal?

A

pro 10-20% (4 cal/g)
fat 20-30% (9 cal/g)
carb 50-60% (4 cal/g)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when educating patient about type 2 diabetes what should you discuss? (4 things to teach)

A

BS monitoring
medication therapy
diet/exercise
complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is important to tell patients when taking Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors

A

must take with first bite of meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what class of oral anti-diabetic agents is contraindicated with ETOH use and CKI (chronic kidney insufficiency)?

A

biguanides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is basal insulin dosing mean and what is its peak?

A

its a 24 hour dose with no peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a patient has been ordered 15 u NPH insulin in addition to 10 u Novolog R insulin to be given with meals. Which should you draw up first?

A

Novolog R - clear to cloudy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what type of insulin should be used with the sliding scale formula and what is the formula

A

short acting insulin
(BG-100)/30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a type 2 DM has been changed from Metformin (biguanide) to litaglutide glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist (or GLP-1). what is important to tell the patient about his new medication regimen?

A

this new med is a daily injection and not an oral med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

name 4 organs that can be affected by DM

A

heart
eyes
kidneys
feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what ocular pathological condition occurs with DM

A

diabetic retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the macrovascular complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes

A

CAD (coronary artery disease)
CVA
PVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the microvascular complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes

A

retinopathy
nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

t/f - greater than 50% of amputations are performed on DM patients

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

name all the things a diabetic must do

A

take insulin (t1) or oral (t2)
cholesterol med
baby aspirin
ACE or ARB
HgbA1c test every 3 mo
podiatrist every 3 mo
check feet everyday
ophthalmologist every year
EKG every year
Neurologist every year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

t/f - physiologic stress frequently causes hypoglycemia

A

false

33
Q

When managing hyperglycemic episodes of patients during their hospitalization, the nurse needs to identify the factors that contribute to this. Name 3 of these causes

A

Routine mealtimes, portions, choice
Aggressive Tx of hypoglycemia
Mismatched timing of meals & med therapy
IV fluid therapy with dextran
Certain prescribed meds
Procedural NPO status

34
Q

A 70 yo with long standing diabetes presents to hospital with fevers, RLE erythema, edema, and 1 inch wound with drainage right medial aspect of heel. She reports she had a pedicure 5 days prior to admission. What is her diagnosis?

A

cellulitis

35
Q

what complication is most likely related to the ladys cellulitis that had the pedicure?

A

peripheral neuropathy

36
Q

t/f - eating lots of sugar will cause type 2 DM

A

false

37
Q

name at least 4 clinical manifestations (s/s) of diabetes

A

polyuria
polydypsia
polyphagia
fatigue
poor wound healing (infections)

38
Q

what serum lab test is most accurate representation of blood sugar control?

A

glycated hemoglobin

39
Q

what does microalbuminuria indicate in diabetics?

A

kidney disease or early stage diabetic nephropathy

40
Q

what condition occurs when nerve conduction is affected by diabetes?

A

neuropathy

41
Q

when should you repeat blood sugar after treating hypoglycemia?

A

15 minutes

42
Q

what class of medications are used to protect kidney function in diabetics?

A

ACE and ARBs

43
Q

what organ’s function or lack there of causes diabetes

A

pancreas

44
Q

what hormone is secreted that affects blood sugar

A

insulin

45
Q

what type of hormone is insulin

A

anabolic (storage hormone)

46
Q

what type of cell secretes insulin and where is it located

A

beta cells in islets of langerhans

47
Q

what action affects insulin secretion

A

eating

48
Q

when insulin increases it moves glucose where

A

into muscle, liver, and fat cells

49
Q

t/f - the pancreas secretes insulin during fasting periods

A

true

50
Q

t/f - glucagon is released when blood sugar increases

A

false (decreases)

51
Q

t/f - glucagon is a hormone

A

true

52
Q

t/f - insulin and glucagon together maintain a constant level of glucose

A

true

53
Q

t/f - the liver releases glucagon

A

false (alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon)

54
Q

t/f - the pancreas has stored glucose and is released in response to insulin secretion

A

true

55
Q

t/f - after 12 hours without food, the liver forms glucose through gluconeogenesis

A

true

56
Q

t/f - gluconeogenesis occurs from the rapid breakdown of carbohydrates

A

false (noncarbohydrated substances like amino acids)

57
Q

t/f glycogen is a glucose that can be stored by our muscles and liver

A

true

58
Q

what is the BS level for HHS?

A

> 600

59
Q

what is the BS level for DKA?

A

300-600

60
Q

if a patient comes in with fruity breath, what do they have?

A

DKA

61
Q

what 5 things do DKA, HHS, and Hypoglycemia have in common?

A

altered LOC
possible seizures
treat immediately (emergency)
give them more DM education
can be caused by dehydration

62
Q

what is it called when you have a loss if fatty tissue?

A

lipoatrophy

63
Q

DM is the leading cause of what 3 things

A

amputations
blindness
ESRD

64
Q

what are the s/s of a type 1 diabetic

A

young
weight loss
abdominal pain
fatigue
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

65
Q

what are the characteristics of a type 2 diabetic

A

older
weight gain
slow onset
blurred vision
3P’s

66
Q

at what BS should a DM avoid exercise

A

BG>250
BG<80

67
Q

if a pt is hot and dry..

A

their sugar is high (hyperglycemic)

68
Q

what are hypoglycemic s/s (mild to severe)

A

cold
clammy
blurred vision

difficulty speaking
weakness
coordination issues
numb lips and tongue

seizures
LOC
Coma

69
Q

how do you treat a severe hypoglycemic pt

A

give 1mg glucagon IV or IM
or
give 50% dextrose IV

once able to swallow, give food

70
Q

give examples of carbs for the 15-15 rule

A

1/2 cup juice
glucose tablets
1/2 soft drink
hard candies
4 sugar cubes
3 graham crackers

71
Q

muscle cramps after DKA episode can be from what

A

loss of salt
hyponatremic

72
Q

whats the treatment for HHS & DKA

A

fluid replacement with NS
correct electrolyte balance by giving dextrose 5% when BS =300
insulin administration (short acting)

73
Q

what is the serum osmolarity in an HHS pt

A

> 350mOsm/L

74
Q

what is the plasma bicarbonate level in DKA pt

A

<15mEq/L

75
Q

what is the common lab levels for DKA and HHS

A

BUN/ Creatinine are both elevated

76
Q

what is the common treatment for micro and macrovascular complications

A

control BP
control BG
control Lipids

77
Q

what are the s/s for peripheral neuropathy

A

paresthesia
burning
numbness
Charcot’s joint

78
Q

what meds do you take to prevent peripheral neuropathy

A

cymbalta
neurontin (gabapentin)
lyrica
tegretol
mexitil

nursing (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions