psych exam 1 Flashcards
what is token economy
reward system
explain the difference between biologic, psychological, and social assessments
biologic- all about the person and their hx and physical wellbeing
psychological- abt mental health and mental status
social- influences on social forces like friends and fam and status of life
what are 4 steps of the nursing process
Assessment
Diagnosis
Intervention
Evaluation
suicide definition
voluntary act of killing oneself, a fatal, self-inflicted destructive act
suicidality definition
all suicide-related behaviors and thoughts of completing or attempting
suicidal ideation definition
thinking about or planning ones death
suicidal attempts definition
nonfatal self-inflicted destructive act
parasuicide definition
attempt but with the real intention to not be death
lethality definition
probability of success of completed suicide
what are some short term goals for the patient
maintain pt safety & use pt resources
what are some long term goals for the patient
maintaining pt psychiatric treatment and widening the pts support system
what is psychobiology
the study of the biological foundations of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes
frontal lobe functions
cognitive functioning
working memory
personality
temporal lobe functions
hearing, language, emotional responses
parietal lobe functions
feeling and spacial awareness
occipital lobe functions
vision and voluntary movements- basal ganglia (bundle of nerves)
“gyroscope balancer”
cerebellum
“pleasure center”
limbic system
limbic system functions
basic emotions
needs and drives
instinct
“relay station”
thalamus
“homeostasis regulator”
hypothalamus
“emotional brain”
amygdala
personality disorders come from the disregulation of what
amygdala
“memory center”
hippocampus
neuroplasticity
ability of the brain to change
what are the primary neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine and epinephrine
what are the primary neurotransmitters for the parasympathetic nervous system
acetylcholine
what are the 4 neurotransmitters
cholinergic
biogenic amines (monoamines)
amino acids
neuropeptides
psychoeducation
an evidence-based therapeutic intervention for patients and their loved ones that provides information and support to better understand and cope with illness
typical antipsychotic main side effect
EPS
atypical antipsychotic main side effect
weight gain
main side effects of antipsychotics
cardio- othro hypo & prolonged QT interval
anticholinergic- dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision
weight gain & EPS
what EPS movement disorders are acute
pseudoparkinsonism
akathisia
dystonia
pseudoparkinsonism
shuffle gait
stooped posture
tremors and rest
akathisia
constant motion of feet
restless
trouble standing still
dystonia
facial grimacing
involuntary eye movement
muscle spasms
what is Tardive dyskinesia
a chronic (permanent) EPS movement disorder
doesn’t go away even after stop taking antipsychotics
- protrusion and rolling of tongue
- sucking and smacking lip movements
- involuntary movements of body
what are the mood stabilizers
anticonvulsants
lithium
calcium channel blockers
adrenergic blocking agents
atypical antipsychotics
what is the gold standard treatment for mood stabilizers
lithium
what is lamotrigine (lamictal)
anticonvulsant mood stabilizer - watch for rash
what to watch for when taking lithium
blood toxicity
renal and thyroid functions
creatine concentration
CBC every 6 months
what is carbamazepine
calcium channel blocker mood stabilizer
what to watch for with CCBs?
check blood levels
SE: dizzy, drowsy, tremor, n/v
what are the 7 antidepressants?
SSRIs
SNRIs
NDRIs
SARIs - sedation
NaSSA - sedation
TCAs - 3
MAOIs - ser & norep
what pt should not do while on MAOIs?
eat or drink aged foods line wine and cheese
what are the antianxiety drugs
benzodiazepines & nonbenzodiazepines
difference between benzodiazepines & nonbenzodiazepines
benzos are highly addictive and should only be used for up to 2 weeks
nonbenzos are the safer option
what are the 4 sedative-hypnotics
benzos
GABA
melatonin
antihistamines
what do stimulants do?
increase dopamine -> increases focus
what are the 3 stimulants
wake-promoting agents
adderall
Vyvanse
what is st. johns wart
an herbal supplement that increased serotonin (watch for serotonin syndrome)
what is kava
an herbal supplement that has a risk of severe liver injury
what is tryptophan
an herbal supplement that helps make melatonin and serotonin
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
used for depression, mania, and schizophrenia
major side effect is memory loss that mostly eventually comes back
light therapy
helps to reset circadian rhythms when someone is seasonally depressed from being in a dark area for along time
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
manages symptoms of depression
vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
a permanent implant for adults that are unresponsive to several antidepressants
the emotional and psychological balance in the pursuit of wellness and a meaningful quality of life
mental health
conditions involving altered thinking, mood, and behavior
mental disorders
what is the DSM-5
used to diagnose mental disorders
what is evidence-based practice
problem-solving approach to help improve outcome of patient
what is public stigma
stereotypes, discrimination, and negative images portrayed
whats the difference between spirituality and religious
spirituality - ones self as a part of a spiritual force
religiousness- organized way to be in community worshiping together
self determination act
pt has right to make informed decisions
competency
if pt is competent, pt has right to know whats going on
informed consent
the right to be informed of treatment options
least restrictive environment
restrict only if its the final option with reason
mandate to inform
authority is mandated to report the patient if they have thoughts or plans to harm someone by name
what 3 important things did Sigmund freud teach
transference - pt is bias
cotransference - nurse is bias
ID, Ego, Superego
acculturation
adopting to new culture forms
linguistic and culture competence
being able to communicate effectively to someone with different culture and/or language
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
you need the basic needs of life in order to move up the pyramid to having self-actualization
what are Erik Eriksons 8 stages of psychosocial development
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identify vs role confusion
generativity vs stagnation
integrity vs despair
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as hope is required to keep patients in therapy
instillation of hope
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as finding out that others have similar problems
universality
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as didactic instruction about mental health, mental illness, and so on
imparting information
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as learning to give to others
altruism
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as assuming some of the behaviors and characteristics of the therapist
imitative behavior
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as analogue of therapeutic factors in individual therapy, such as insight, working through the transference, and corrective emotional experience
interpersonal learning
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as group members relationship to therapist and other group members
group cohesiveness
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as open expression of affect to purge or “cleanse” self
catharsis
which of yalom’s 11 primary factors is defined as pts ultimate concerns of existence: death, isolation, freedom, and meaninglessness
existential factors
what is OARS
open ended questions
affirmations
reflective listening
summaries
process of understanding ones own beliefs, thoughts, motivations, biases, and limitations and recognizing how they affect others
self- awareness
what is motivational interviewing
talking with patient to make them motivated to improve
what are the stages of change
pre-contemplation
contemplation
determination/preparation
action
maintenance
relapse
what is SOLER
sit squarely
open posture
lean foreward
eye contact
relax
how much of each is one drink?
beer, wine, malt liquor
beer- 12oz
wine- 5oz
malt liquor - 8.5oz
how many drinks/day and /week are recommended
men: 4/day 14/week
women: 3/day 7/week
what are the AUDIT score interpretations
0-3 no/low risk
4-13 at risk
14+ high risk
what are the 4 steps of motivational interviewing
engage
focus
evoke reasons for change
plan options
addiction definition
continued use of substances despite the consequences
use definition
ingestion, smoking, sniffing, or injection of mind altering substance
abuse definition
use for wrong purpose or beyond intended use
withdrawl definition
symptoms that occur after stopping a substance
detoxification definition
process of SAFE withdrawl
what is the 1st and 2nd most abused substances
1st- alc
2nd- marijuana
disulfiram (antabuse)
med for alc use disorder
helps pt not drink bc it’ll make then sick
watch for dizziness
naltrexone
helps reduce cravings of alc and opioids
methadone
helps with opioid use disorder
its a lower level opioid to help quit
buprenorphine
1st option for opioid use disorder but weaker than methadone
naloxone
reversal agent for opioid use
clonidine
BP med used for opioid use disorder
monitor BP
bupropion
antidepressant med used for smoking cessation
determine which are stimulants and depressants:
inhalents
steroid
alcohol
cocaine
nicotine
caffeine
inhalents - depressant
steroid - stimulant
alcohol - depressant
cocaine - stimulant
nicotine - stimulant
caffeine - stimulant
what are the alc induced permanent brain disorders
wernicke encephalopathy
korakoff’s amnestic syndrome
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
