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med surg endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

what gland secretes calcitonin?

A

thyroid

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2
Q

what is the role of adrenal cortex?

A

release of cortisol and aldosterone

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3
Q

what hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

ACTH
TSH
GH
female hormones

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4
Q

name the 5 Hs of a pheochromcytoma

A

hypertension
headache
hyperhydrosis
hypermetabolism
hyperglycemia

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5
Q

what is the basic difference between addison’s disease and cushings disease?

A

adrenal insufficiency versus adrenal excessive

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6
Q

name 3 physical characteristics of a patient with hyperthyroidism

A

exophthalmos
goiters
nervousness
apprehensive
facial flushing
tachycardia
heat intolerance
weight loss
diarrhea..

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7
Q

what is chvostek’s sign?

A

spasm of the facial nerve that occurs with the tap of the cheek associated with hypocalcemia

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8
Q

what hormones are associated with addisons disease

A

cortisol ACTH

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9
Q

what is the main function of the thyroid gland?

A

metabolism

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10
Q

what is the adrenal medullas role

A

release of neurotransmitters

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11
Q

what is important to know before a patient has a radioactive uptake scan?

A

allergies to shellfish
iodine intake

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12
Q

what complications should you watch for immediately postop thyroidectomy

A

airway obstruction

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13
Q

what nursing interventions can you list for someone with myxedema coma

A

space out activities
keep warm (heated blanket)
avoid constipation (give laxatives)
watch for respiration depression

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14
Q

what conditions can precipitate thyroid storm?

A

untreated hyperthyroidism
stress
infection
patients who are post radioactive iodine treatment

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15
Q

explain the importance of a MD ordering the following labs: CBC with differential, serum albumin, TSH, FT4, PT, INR

A
  • CBC with differential will examine for anemia or for risks of infection. Fatigue may be related to anemia
  • The serum albumin level assesses the patient’s nutritional status because changes in nails, skin, and hair may be related to poor intake of proteins
  • TSH and FT4 are used to assess if the patient’s symptoms are related to hypothyroidism
  • PT and INR are obtained for adjustment of the warfarin therapy the patient is receiving
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16
Q

what gland is considered the master gland?

A

pituitary

17
Q

A deficiency of ADH that causes the person to urinate up to 25 liters daily is called what?

A

Diabetes insipitus

18
Q

what are 3 nursing interventions for someone with addisons disease?

A

monitor dehydration
encourage salt intake
teach stress management techniques

19
Q

what’s the order of a progressive diet?

A

clear liquid
full liquid
pureed
soft food
normal food

20
Q

if there is a tumor in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland what glands are affected?

A

thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals

21
Q

the posterior pituitary gland secretes which hormone that then causes what 2 disorders

A

ADH
DI & SIADH (secretion of inappropriate ADH)

22
Q

what are the nicknames for T3 & T4?

A

T3- stimulator
T4- stabilizer

23
Q

what is the role of the liver in the endocrine system?

A

remove toxins from blood & transport T3 & T4

24
Q

is T3 or T4 better to determine hyperthyroidism?

A

T3

25
Q

what is the normal T3 resin uptake level

A

25-35%

26
Q

hasitmotos is a cause of what

A

hypothyroidism

27
Q

what results are shown from a radioactive iodine uptake

A

hot= hyperthyoridism
cold= cancer

28
Q

what do you need to ask your patient before they do the radioactive iodine uptake scan

A

are you allergic to shellfish
have you had any iodine or multivitamin intake

29
Q

name the main S/S of hypothyroidism

A

hair loss
muscle aches
constipated
cold
extreme fatigue
slow speech
brittle nails and hair
weight gain
bradycardia
early menopause

30
Q

what is the main way to treat myxedema coma

A

administer T3 & T4 IV til stable and TSH normal
give glucocorticoids

Low and slow

31
Q

treat hypothyroidism with…

A

Synthroid levothyroxine (take on empty stomach)
&
glucocorticoids

32
Q

nursing care for hypothyroidism

A

bed rest
no external heating
increase fluid and fiber intake

33
Q

what 3 things should you use to treat hyperthyroidism

A

radioactive iodine therapy
medications
surgery

34
Q

what are the cautions for radioactive iodine therapy?

A

avoid pregnancy & sex (are they baby making age)
what for toxicity and thyroid storm

35
Q

what are the cautions for a subtotal thyroidectomy?

A

hypothyroidism
thyroid storm & myxedema coma
**airway - stridor
bleeding
infection
hypoglycemia

36
Q

management for thyroid storm

A

hypothermia blanket (get temp down)
AVOID aspirin (ASA)
give:
oxygen
IVF dextrose
PTU & BB meds
Iodine

37
Q

what do you avoid before thyroidectomy

A

caffeine
stress
other stimulants

38
Q

what is the main thing to watch for with hyperparathyroidism

A

hypercalcemia crisis and tetany
avoid thiazides

nursing (15 decks)

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