Psych Chapter 2 Flashcards
Dendrites
receive info from other neurons
Axon
sends info to other neurons
terminal buttons
release neurotransmitters
myelin sheath
covers and insulates the axon
nodes of rancier
gaps in sheath
synapse
small gap between terminal buttons of one neuron and dendrites of another neuron
neurons communicate…
electrochemically
electrical signals occur..
within the neuron (action potential)
chemical signals occur… between neurons
between neurons (neurotransmitter)
ion
molecule that carries an electric charge
Process of Neural communication
neuron is stimulated by the environment
cellmembrane becomes permeable
leads to a rapid increase in charge
when it reaches a threshold, releases action potential down axon
AC reaches the terminal button
TB releases a neurotransmitter into synapse
NT binds to receptor cites on post synaptic neurons
Action Potential
brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
refractory period
brief period after action potential when the neuron cannot fire
Neuro transmitter
chemical that transmits electrical acticity
Acetycholine
muscle action, learning, memory
seratonin
sleep and mood regulation, appetite, temperature, pain supression
dopanine
voluntary movement, though, emotion, reward, pleasure
endorphines
reduce pain increase pleasure
natural opiates
central nervous system
CNS, brain and spinal chord
periphrerial nervous system
PNS sensory and motor neurons tha
nerves
bundles of axons
sensory neurons
messages from body to CNS
motor neurons
messages from cns to body
interneurons
communicate between sensory and motor neurons
somatic nervous system
voluntary muscle control
autonomic nervous system
control involuntary process
sympathetic nervous system
fight-or-flight
parasympathetic nervous system
calms body, conserves energy
spinal chord
connects peripheral nervous system to the brain
Brain Stem
involuntary movement, medulla, pons
medulla
heartbeat, breathing
pons
movement
thalamus
senses, relay station
cerebellum
coordination, balance, movement, learning, memory
limbic system
hypothalamus, amygdala
hypothalamus
basic survival drives, hunger, thirst, sex drives
amygdala
controls negative emotion, fear agressions, fight/flight responses
hipocampus
learning/ memory
cortex
higher cognitive functions, 2 hemispheres connectd by corpus callosum
frontal lobe
motor cortex, movement, reasoning, planning
parietal lobe
pain, pressure, senses, awareness of the body
occipital
vison
temporal
hearing
laterializtion
2 sides serving different functions
contralateral orginization
each side controls the opposite side
plasticity
brain can change
damage to frontal lobe
lose moral compass
broca’s area
production problem
wernickes area
comprehension problems
